Negri bodies and other virus membrane-less replication compartments

Quentin Nevers (1, 2) , Aurélie A. Albertini (1, 2) , Cécile Lagaudrière-Gesbert (1, 2) , Yves Gaudin (1, 2)

1 I2BC - Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule
2 RHABDO - Rhabdovirus

Viruses reshape the organization of the cell interior to achieve different steps of their cellular cycle. Particularly, viral replication and assembly often take place in viral factories where specific viral and cellular proteins as well as nucleic acids concentrate. Viral factories can be either membrane-delimited or devoid of any cellular membranes. In the latter case, they are referred as membrane-less replication compartments. The most emblematic ones are the Negri bodies, which are inclusion bodies that constitute the hallmark of rabies virus infection. Interestingly, Negri bodies and several other viral replication compartments have been shown to arise from a liquid-liquid phase separation process and, thus, constitute a new class of liquid organelles. This is a paradigm shift in the field of virus replication. Here, we review the different aspects of membrane-less virus replication compartments with a focus on the Mononegavirales order and discuss their interactions with the host cell machineries and the cytoskeleton. We particularly examine the interplay between viral factories and the cellular innate immune response, of which several components also form membrane-less condensates in infected cells.

Mots clés: Viral factory; Innate immunity; Interferon; Liquid organelle; Membrane-less compartment; Viral replication

Domaines: Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]

Quentin Nevers, Aurélie A. Albertini, Cécile Lagaudrière-Gesbert, Yves Gaudin. Negri bodies and other virus membrane-less replication compartments. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research, 2020, pp.118831. ⟨10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118831⟩. ⟨hal-02928156⟩