The DESI experiment part I: science, targeting, and survey design

Amir Aghamousa (1) , Jessica Aguilar (2) , Steve Ahlen , Shadab Alam , Lori E. Allen (3) , Carlos Allende Prieto (4) , James Annis (5) , Stephen Bailey (6) , Christophe Balland (7) , Otger Ballester (8) , Charles Baltay (9) , Lucas Beaufore (10) , Chris Bebek (6) , Timothy C. Beers (11) , Eric F. Bell (12) , José Luis Bernal (13) , Robert Besuner (14) , Florian Beutler (15) , Chris Blake (16) , Hannes Bleuler (17) , Michael Blomqvist (18) , Robert Blum , Adam S. Bolton (3) , Cesar Briceno (19) , David Brooks , Joel R. Brownstein , Elizabeth Buckley-Geer (5) , Angela Burden (9) , Etienne Burtin (20) , Nicolás G. Busca (21) , Robert N. Cahn (6) , Yan-Chuan Cai (22) , Laia Cardiel-Sas (8) , Raymond G. Carlberg (23) , Pierre-Henri Carton (20) , Ricard Casas (24) , Francisco J. Castander (24) , Jorge L. Cervantes-Cota (25) , Todd M. Claybaugh (6) , Madeline Close (26) , Carl T. Coker (27) , Shaun Cole , Johan Comparat (28) , Andrew P. Cooper (29) , M. -C. Cousinou (30) , Martin Crocce (24) , Jean-Gabriel Cuby (18) , Daniel P. Cunningham , Tamara M. Davis , Kyle S. Dawson , Axel de La Macorra (31) , Juan de Vicente (32) , Timothée Delubac (17) , Mark Derwent (27) , Arjun Dey (3) , Govinda Dhungana , Zhejie Ding , Peter Doel (33) , Yutong T. Duan , Anne Ealet (30) , Jerry Edelstein , Sarah Eftekharzadeh (34) , Daniel J. Eisenstein (35) , Ann Elliott (10) , Stephanie Escoffier (30) , Matthew Evatt (3) , Parker Fagrelius (6) , Xiaohui Fan (36) , Kevin Fanning , Arya Farahi , Jay Farihi (33) , Ginevra Favole , Yu Feng (37) , Enrique Fernandez , Joseph R. Findlay (34) , Douglas P. Finkbeiner (35) , Michael J. Fitzpatrick (3) , Brenna Flaugher , Samuel Flender , Andreu Font-Ribera (33) , Jaime E. Forero-Romero , Pablo Fosalba (38) , Carlos S. Frenk (29) , Michele Fumagalli (39) , Boris T. Gaensicke , Giuseppe Gallo , Juan Garcia-Bellido (40) , Enrique Gaztanaga (24) , Nicola Pietro Gentile Fusillo , Terry Gerard , Irena Gershkovich , Tommaso Giannantonio , Denis Gillet (17) , Guillermo Gonzalez-De-Rivera , Violeta Gonzalez-Perez (41) , Shelby Gott (3) , Or Graur (35) , Gaston Gutierrez , Julien Guy (7) , Salman Habib , Henry Heetderks , Ian Heetderks , Katrin Heitmann , Wojciech A. Hellwing (29) , David A. Herrera (3) , Shirley Ho (42, 6) , Stephen Holland (43) , Klaus Honscheid (10) , Eric Huff (10) , Timothy A. Hutchinson , Dragan Huterer , Ho Seong Hwang (44) , Joseph Maria Illa Laguna , Yuzo Ishikawa , Dianna Jacobs (6) , Niall Jeffrey (33) , Patrick Jelinsky (14) , Elise Jennings , Linhua Jiang , Jorge Jimenez , Jennifer L. Johnson , Richard Joyce , Eric Jullo (18) , Stéphanie Juneau , Sami Kama , Armin Karcher (6) , Sonia Karkar (7) , Robert Kehoe , Noble Kennamer , Stephen J Kent , Martin Kilbinger (20) , Alex G. Kim (6) , David Kirkby (45) , Theodore Kisner (6) , Ellie Kitanidis (46) , Jean-Paul Kneib (17) , Sergey Koposov (47) , Eve Kovacs , Kazuya Koyama (48) , Anthony Kremin , Richard Kron , Luzius Kronig (17) , Andrea Kueter-Young , Cedric G. Lacey (29) , Robin Lafever , Ofer Lahav (33) , Andrew Lambert , Michael Lampton , Martin Landriau (6) , Dustin Lang , Tod R. Lauer (3) , Jean-Marc Le Goff (20) , Laurent Le Guillou (7) , Auguste Le van Suu (49) , Jae Hyeon Lee , Su-Jeong Lee (10) , Daniela Leitner , Michael Lesser , Michael E. Levi (6) , Benjamin L'Huillier (1) , Baojiu Li , Ming Liang , Huan Lin , Eric Linder , Sarah R. Loebman , Zarija Lukić (6) , Jun Ma , Niall Maccrann (50) , Christophe Magneville (20) , Laleh Makarem (17) , Marc Manera (33) , Christopher J. Manser , Robert Marshall , Paul Martini , Richard Massey (51) , Thomas Matheson (3) , Jeremy Mccauley (6) , Patrick Mcdonald , Ian D. Mcgreer , Aaron Meisner (6) , Nigel Metcalfe , Timothy N. Miller (6) , Ramon Miquel , John Moustakas , Adam Myers , Milind Naik (6) , Jeffrey A. Newman (52) , Robert C. Nichol , Andrina Nicola (53) , Luiz Nicolati da Costa , Jundan Nie , Gustavo Niz (54) , Peder Norberg (55) , Brian Nord , Dara Norman (3) , Peter Nugent (6) , Thomas O'Brien , Minji Oh (1) , Knut A. G. Olsen (3) , Cristobal Padilla , Hamsa Padmanabhan (53) , Nikhil Padmanabhan , Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille (20) , Antonella Palmese (33) , Daniel Pappalardo , Isabelle Paris (18) , Changbom Park , Anna Patej , John A. Peacock , Hiranya V. Peiris (33) , Xiyan Peng , Will J. Percival (56) , Sandrine Perruchot (49) , Matthew M. Pieri (18) , Richard Pogge (27) , Jennifer E. Pollack , Claire Poppett , Francisco Prada , Abhishek Prakash , Ronald G. Probst (3) , David Rabinowitz , Anand Raichoor (17, 20) , Chang Hee Ree (1) , Alexandre Refregier (57) , Xavier Régal (49) , Beth Reid (6) , Kevin Reil , Mehdi Rezaie , Constance M. Rockosi , Natalie Roe (6) , Samuel Ronayette (49) , Aaron Roodman , Ashley J. Ross , Nicholas P. Ross , Graziano Rossi (58) , Eduardo Rozo , Vanina Ruhlmann-Kleider (20) , Eli S. Rykoff , Cristiano Sabiu (1) , Lado Samushia , Eusebio Sanchez , Javier Sanchez (59) , David J. Schlegel (6) , Michael Schneider , Michael Schubnell , Aurélia Secroun (30) , Uros Seljak (46) , Hee-Jong Seo , Santiago Serrano , Arman Shafieloo (60) , Huanyuan Shan (17) , Ray Sharples (55) , Michael J. Sholl , William V. Shourt , Joseph H. Silber (6) , David R. Silva (3) , Martin M. Sirk , Anze Slosar , Alex Smith (29) , George F. Smoot (6) , Debopam Som (18) , Yong-Seon Song (61) , David Sprayberry (3) , Ryan Staten , Andy Stefanik , Gregory Tarlè (62) , Suk Sien Tie (27) , Jeremy L. Tinker , Rita Tojeiro (63) , Francisco Valdes (3) , Octavio Valenzuela , Monica Valluri , Mariana Vargas-Magaña (31) , Licia Verde , Alistair R. Walker (3) , Jiali Wang (64) , Yuting Wang (65) , Benjamin A. Weaver , Curtis Weaverdyck , Risa H. Wechsler , David H. Weinberg , Martin White , Qian Yang (66) , Christophe Yeche (20) , Tianmeng Zhang , Gong-Bo Zhao , Yi Zheng , Xu Zhou (67) , Zhimin Zhou , Yaling Zhu , Hu Zou , Ying Zu (50)

1 KASI - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
2 UC Berkeley - University of California [Berkeley]
3 NOAO - National Optical Astronomy Observatory
4 IAC - Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
5 Fermilab - Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
6 LBNL - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley]
7 LPNHE (UMR_7585) - Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies
8 IFAE - Institut de Física d’Altes Energies [Barcelone]
9 Yale University [New Haven]
10 OSU - Ohio State University [Columbus]
11 The University of Notre Dame [Sydney]
12 Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan
13 ICCUB - Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos
14 SSL - Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley]
15 University of Portsmouth
16 UBC - University of British Columbia
17 EPFL - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
18 LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
19 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
20 IRFU - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
21 APC - Cosmologie
22 IfA - Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh]
23 Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics [University of Toronto]
24 ICE-CSIC - Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona]
25 Carreterra Mexico-Toluca
26 Department of Physics [Durham University]
27 Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University
28 Departamento de FisicaTeorica e IFT-UAM/CSIC
29 ICC - Institute for Computational Cosmology
30 CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille
31 UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico
32 Department of Applied Physics
33 UCL - University College of London [London]
34 UW - University of Wyoming
35 CfA - Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
36 ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]
37 Zhejiang University of Technology
38 Institute for Astronomy [Honolulu]
39 UNIMIB - Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca
40 Departamento de Fisica Teorica
41 Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation [Portsmouth]
42 CMU - Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh]
43 GSFC - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
44 KIAS - Korea Institute for Advanced Study
45 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Irvine]
46 Department of Physics, University of California
47 Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge]
48 Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation
49 OHP - Observatoire de Haute-Provence
50 Center for Cosmology & AstroParticle Physics
51 CALTECH - California Institute of Technology
52 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Pittsburgh]
53 ETH Zürich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich]
54 School of Physics and Astronomy [Nottingham]
55 Department of Physics [Durham]
56 University of Waterloo [Waterloo]
57 UZH - Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich
58 Department of Astronomy and Space Science [Sejong University]
59 UAB - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
60 Department of Physics [Oxford]
61 ASIPP - Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
62 Department of Physics [Ann Arbor]
63 University of St Andrews [Scotland]
64 USTC - University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei]
65 Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Minneapolis]
66 KIT - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
67 National University of Defense Technology [China]

DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment that will study baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and the growth of structure through redshift-space distortions with a wide-area galaxy and quasar redshift survey. To trace the underlying dark matter distribution, spectroscopic targets will be selected in four classes from imaging data. We will measure luminous red galaxies up to $z=1.0$. To probe the Universe out to even higher redshift, DESI will target bright [O II] emission line galaxies up to $z=1.7$. Quasars will be targeted both as direct tracers of the underlying dark matter distribution and, at higher redshifts ($ 2.1 < z < 3.5$), for the Ly-$\alpha$ forest absorption features in their spectra, which will be used to trace the distribution of neutral hydrogen. When moonlight prevents efficient observations of the faint targets of the baseline survey, DESI will conduct a magnitude-limited Bright Galaxy Survey comprising approximately 10 million galaxies with a median $z\approx 0.2$. In total, more than 30 million galaxy and quasar redshifts will be obtained to measure the BAO feature and determine the matter power spectrum, including redshift space distortions.

Domains: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]

Amir Aghamousa, Jessica Aguilar, Steve Ahlen, Shadab Alam, Lori E. Allen, et al.. The DESI experiment part I: science, targeting, and survey design. [Research Report] DESI Collaboration. 2016. ⟨hal-02915441⟩