Qualitative Views on the Polyradical Character of Long Acenes
Abstract
Spin-symmetry breaking appears in the DFT treatment of polyacenes, beyond a certain length, the critical length depending on the exchange-correlation potential. This phenomenon may be attributed to an instability with respect to HOMO–LUMO mixing, which suggests a diradical character of long acenes. However, the increase of the S2 operator with acene length questions this simple view. It is shown that this increase cannot be attributed to spin polarization of the inner MOs, and that a second symmetry breaking takes place for the pentadecacene, with four unpaired electrons centered at the first and third quarters of the chain. The spin density distributions of broken-symmetry solutions support a qualitative picture in terms of tetra-methylene hexacenes separated by Clar sextets. A strategy is proposed to identify local symmetry breaking in polyradical systems.