Zoonotic viruses and emergence: how to monitor for surveillance ?
Résumé
Zoonoses are responsible of more than two thirds of human viral ă infections. In addition, with increasing contacts between humans and the ă wildlife and the domestic fauna, the emergence and reemergence of ă zoonotic viruses is accelerating. The development and democratization of ă high-throughput sequencing tools and their application in metagenomics ă allow inventorying the viral communities of various reservoirs and ă vectors in order to detect the emergence of viruses before their ă transmission to humans. The prediction of future emerging zoonotic ă viruses is very difficult, if not impossible. However, the ă characterization of viral communities present in the different actors of ă zoonotic transmission cycle is a first step to evaluate potential risks ă of transmission to humans. In this article, we report a brief summary of ă the concepts of emergence and zoonoses before reviewing the current ă tools available to monitor their emergence.