Fertility Transition in Turkey Who Is Most at Risk of Deciding against Child Arrival?
Résumé
In Turkey, female employment and education are still relatively
low, while fertility levels are high compared with other
European countries. However, Turkey stands just at the
edge of an important social transition. Increasing female
education and employment come along with important
decreases in fertility. By mobilizing census and survey data,
this paper finds that fertility decreases are mainly caused
by fewer transitions to a third birth. Graduate women participating
in the formal labor market are most at risk of
deciding against child arrival in comparison with inactive
or unemployed women. The third rank is particularly
concerned, as women’s income contribution seems to be
crucial for many families that already have two children,
and the arrival of a third child risks reducing or stopping
women’s working activities in the absence of institutional
childcare support. Policies enabling women to combine
work and family life, which have been proven effective
in other European countries, emerge as useful to avoid a
further fertility decline below replacement level in Turkey.
Domaines
Economies et finances
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