The new bosonic mechanism
Résumé
The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the new bosonic mechanism and new
treatment of dark energy. The bosonic mechanism focuses on obtaining masses by gauge bosons
without assuming the existence of Higgs boson. The hypothesis on dark energy as the energy of
a postulated dark field was made and a combined gravitational-dark field was introduced. This field
is the key to a specified approach and allows addressing the fundamental starting points of the mechanism.
i. Complex scalar field is introduced in the description of the mechanism and is divided into two
components: Goldstone-dark field and tensor-gravitational field; tensor-gravitational component outlines
the physics of obtaining masses by gauge bosons and causes the existence of Goldstone-dark component,
which defines physics behind the Goldstone theorem.
ii. The meaning of spontaneous symmetry breaking is understood in the context of
changing between ‘mixed’ and ‘pure’ states of gauge field which appears in the framework
of the outlined mechanism and can apply to global and local symmetry without violating
the constraint denoted by Elitzur theorem (Phys. Rev. D 12, 3978-3982, 1975); thus the
process of symmetry breaking is understood differently from the standard formulation
(Mandl and Shaw, 2010) used in Higgs mechanism and assumes the existence of two paths
(direct and restoring). The entanglement of these two paths is quantified by entropy as a
parameter, based on which paths are chosen.
General theory Langrangian (for interaction) in case of ‘pure’ state of gauge field is due to
the existence of one dimensional cosmic string (‘Mexican hat’ potential);
General theory Lagrangian (for non-interaction) in case of ‘mixed’ state of gauge field is
due to dark energy as the restoring force to restore state of symmetry from local to global
and thus flattening potential from ‘Mexican hat’-type to Goldstone-type. This means that
physics of Lagrangian appearance in the proposed mechanism very different from Higgs
approach.
iii. Noted mechanism incorporates Fierz-Pauli approach (Proc. Roy. Soc. London. A 173,
211-232, 1939) for particles of arbitrary spin and is further developed based on the
outlined hypothesis, thus distinguishing between presented theory and other theories (i.e.,
Massive gravity) from the perspective of relevancy to the Fiertz and Pauli thesis.
It is shown that diffeomorphism invariance is preserved in the noted mechanism and
interaction with matter is allowed. Higgs scalar is obtained within the scope of the
presented approach and is included as a part of the mathematical expression, which
describes obtaining mass by vector gauge boson. The noted scalar has properties
consistent with the properties of Higgs scalar observed in the Standard Model.
iv.A possibility of formulating a consistent nonlinear interacting theory, which does not
contradict de Wit (Phys. Rev. D 21, 358-367, 1980) and Deser's arguments
(General Relativity and Gravitation 1, 9-18, 1970) was presented.
v. The cancellation mechanism leading to the absence of the observable Cherenkov
radiation is also addressed in this article.
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