Association between Ambient Noise Exposure and School Performance of Children Living in An Urban Area: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study

Sophie Pujol (1, 2) , Jean-Pierre Levain (3) , Hélène Houot (4) , Rémy Petit (5) , Marc Berthillier (6) , Jérôme Defrance (7) , Joseph Lardies (6) , Cyril Masselot (4) , Frédéric Mauny (1, 2)

1 LCE - Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249)
2 CHRU Besançon - Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon
3 PSYCHO - Laboratoire de Psychologie - UFC (UR 3188)
4 ThéMA - Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager (UMR 6049)
5 Inspection académique du Doubs
6 FEMTO-ST - Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174)
7 CSTB - Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment

Most of the studies investigating the effects of the external noise on children's school performance have concerned pupils in schools exposed to high levels due to aircraft or freeway traffic noise. However, little is known about the consequences of the chronic ambient noise exposure at a level commonly encountered in residential urban areas. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the school performance of 8- to 9-year-old-children living in an urban environment and their chronic ambient noise exposure at home and at school. The children's school performances on the national standardized assessment test in French and mathematics were compared with the environmental noise levels. Children's exposure to ambient noise was calculated in front of their bedrooms (Lden) and schools (LAeq,day) using noise prediction modeling. Questionnaires were distributed to the families to collect potential confounding factors. Among the 746 respondent children, 586 were included in multilevel analyses. On average, the LAeq,day at school was 51.5 dB (SD= 4.5 dB; range = 38-58 dB) and the outdoor Lden at home was 56.4 dB (SD= 4.4 dB; range = 44-69 dB). LAeq,day at school was associated with impaired mathematics score (p = 0.02) or impaired French score (p = 0.01). For a + 10 dB gap, the French and mathematics scores were on average lower by about 5.5 points. Lden at home was significantly associated with impaired French performance when considered alone (p < 10(-3)) and was borderline significant when the combined home-school exposure was considered (p = 0.06). The magnitude of the observed effect on school performance may appear modest, but should be considered in light of the number of people who are potentially chronically exposed to similar environmental noise levels.

Mots clés: children; school performance; environmental noise exposure; ambient noise; urban area

Domaines: Santé publique et épidémiologie; Acoustique [physics.class-ph]; Acoustique [physics.class-ph]; Psychologie

Sophie Pujol, Jean-Pierre Levain, Hélène Houot, Rémy Petit, Marc Berthillier, et al.. Association between Ambient Noise Exposure and School Performance of Children Living in An Urban Area: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study. Journal of Urban Health, 2014, 91 (2), pp.256-271. ⟨10.1007/s11524-013-9843-6⟩. ⟨hal-00881486⟩