Operando nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Detection of the onset of metallic lithium deposition on graphite at low temperature and fast charge in a full Li-ion battery

Ludivine Afonso de Araujo (1, 2, 3) , Vincent Sarou-Kanian (1, 3) , David Sicsic (2, 3) , Michael Deschamps (1, 3) , Elodie Salager (1, 3)

1 CEMHTI - Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation
2 Technocentre Renault [Guyancourt]
3 RS2E - Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie

Lithium-ion batteries are at the core of the democratisation of electric transportation and portative electronic devices. However, fast and/or low temperature charge induce performance loss, mainly through lithium plating, a degrading mechanism. In this report, 7 Li operando Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy is used to detect the onset of metastable lithium deposits in an NMC622/graphite cell at 0°C and fast charge. An operando setup, compatible with low temperatures, was developed with special attention to the pressure applied on the electrodes/separator stack and noise reduction to enable early detection and good time-resolution. Direct detection of metallic lithium enables drawing correlations between lithium plating and electrochemical data.

Mots clés: operando NMR; in situ NMR; Li-ion battery; Lithium plating; graphite; full cell; low temperature; 7-lithium; fast charge; pressure

Domaines: Chimie

Ludivine Afonso de Araujo, Vincent Sarou-Kanian, David Sicsic, Michael Deschamps, Elodie Salager. Operando nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Detection of the onset of metallic lithium deposition on graphite at low temperature and fast charge in a full Li-ion battery. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 2023, 354, pp.107527. ⟨10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107527⟩. ⟨hal-04272140⟩