Methionine oxidation of Carbohydrate-Active enZymes during white-rot wood decay

Lise Molinelli (1, 2) , Elodie Drula (1, 3) , Jean-Charles Gaillard (4) , David Navarro (1) , Jean Armengaud (4) , Jean-Guy Berrin (1) , Thierry Tron (2) , Lionel Tarrago (1)

1 BBF - Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques
2 ISM2 - Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille
3 AFMB - Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques
4 MTS - Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé

White-rot fungi employ secreted carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) along with reactive oxygen species (ROS), like hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), to degrade lignocellulose in wood. H 2 O 2 serves as a co-substrate for key oxidoreductases during the initial decay phase. While the degradation of lignocellulose by CAZymes is well-documented, the impact of ROS on the oxidation of the secreted proteins remains unclear and the identity of the oxidized proteins is largely unknown. Methionine (Met) can be oxidized to Met sulfoxide (MetO) or Met sulfone (MetO 2 ) with potential deleterious, antioxidant, or regulatory effects. Other residues, like proline (Pro), can undergo carbonylation. Using the white-rot model Pycnoporus cinnabarinus grown on aspen wood, we analyzed the Met content of the secreted proteins and their susceptibility to oxidation combining labelled H 2 18 O 2 with proteomics. Strikingly, their overall Met content was significantly lower (1.4%) compared to intracellular proteins (2.1%), a feature conserved in fungi but not in other eukaryotes. We also evidenced that a catalase, widespread in white-rot fungi, protects the secreted proteins from oxidation. Our redox proteomics approach allowed identification of 49 oxidizable Met and 40 oxidizable Pro residues within few secreted proteins, mostly CAZymes. Interestingly, many of them had several oxidized residues localized in hotspots. Some Met, including those in GH7 cellobiohydrolases, were oxidized up to 47%, with a substantial percentage of sulfone (13%). These Met are conserved in fungal homologs, suggesting important functional roles. Our findings reveal that white-rot fungi safeguard their secreted proteins by minimizing their Met content and by scavenging ROS and pinpoint redox-active residues in CAZymes. Importance The study of lignocellulose degradation by fungi is critical for understanding the ecological and industrial implications of wood decay. While carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) play a well-established role in lignocellulose degradation, the impact of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) on secreted proteins remains unclear. This study aims at evaluating the effect of H 2 O 2 on secreted proteins, focusing on the oxidation of methionine (Met). Using the model white-rot model Pycnoporus cinnabarinus grown on aspen wood, we showed that fungi protect their secreted proteins from oxidation by reducing their Met content and utilizing a secreted catalase to scavenge exogenous H 2 O 2 . The research identified key oxidizable Met within secreted CAZymes. Importantly, some Met like those of GH7 cellobiohydrolases, undergone substantial oxidation levels suggesting important roles in lignocellulose degradation. These findings highlight the adaptive mechanisms employed by white-rot fungi to safeguard their secreted proteins during wood decay and emphasize the importance of these processes in lignocellulose breakdown.

Domaines: Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]

Lise Molinelli, Elodie Drula, Jean-Charles Gaillard, David Navarro, Jean Armengaud, et al.. Methionine oxidation of Carbohydrate-Active enZymes during white-rot wood decay. 2023. ⟨hal-04266319⟩