Annual microplankton cycles in Villefranche Bay, Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean
Résumé
Abundance and composition of microplankton were studied over a period of 2 years at two depths in Villefranche Bay (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean Sea). Diatoms dominated the microplankton in late spring and autumn, whereas dinoflagellates composed the major part of the microplankton in summer. The silicoflagellate Dictyocha fibula and the diatom Thalassionema frauenfeldii dominated in winter. Ciliates showed low variability throughout the year with the lowest abundance in February and an increase which coincided with the diatom maxima during autumn in both years. In 1998, the spring bloom (in May) was mainly composed of dinoflagellates near the surface and of diatoms in deeper layers. Subsurface diatom maxima were observed in August-September and November. In 1999, diatoms peaked in May both at the surface and at the depth of 50 m. They showed a strong maximum in October. Dinoflagellates and tintinnids showed maxima in early November. Comparisons with previous studies reveal that (i) changes in species composition have not been significant, (ii) the silicoflagellate's abundance is lower during the present study, (iii) the sequential spring bloom is composed of a pico-nanoplankton bloom in March and microphytoplankton in May, whereas in other western Mediterranean areas the spring microphytoplankton bloom is reported in February and March, (iv) high water transport through the Corsica channel coinciding with low or negative winter values of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index are associated with the anomalous strong development of the spring diatom blooms in the Bay of Villefranche, whereas the usual trend is the lack of or weak development of the spring diatom bloom. This feature may determine the nature and the fate of primary production and the interannual variability in the relative importance of the microbial food web versus the microbial loop.