Osteoformation potential of an allogenic partially demineralized bone matrix in critical-size defects in the rat calvarium

Ahmad Moustapha Diallo (1, 2) , Ahmad Moustapha Diallo (3, 4) , Solène Rota (4, 3) , Michel Boissière (4, 3) , Raphaël Bardonnet (5) , Emmanuel Pauthe (4, 3) , Hervé Petite (1) , Henri M Benoist (2) , Morad Bensidhoum (1) , Fani Anagnostou (1, 6)

1 B3OA (UMR 7052 / U1271) - Biologie, Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-articulaires
2 UCAD - Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal]
3 ERRMECe - Equipe de recherche sur les relations matrice extracellulaire-cellules
4 CY - CY Cergy Paris Université
5 BioBank SAS [Lieusaint, France]
6 CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]

Allogenic demineralized bone matrix has been developed as a reliable alternative to the autologous bone graft. In the present study, we assessed the osteoformation potential of a partially demineralized bone matrix (PDBM) in a paste form obtained without an added carrier. This formulation included the preparation of cancelous bone from femoral heads after decellularision, delipidation, demineralization in HCl and autoclaving at 121 • C. Structural and biochemical characteristics of PDBM were determined using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), hydroxyproline, DNA content assays, and optical ellipsometry. The osteoformation potential was evaluated in 8-, 6-, and 4-mm-diameter rat-calvarial bone defects by in vivo micro-CT analysis, performed immediately after surgery on days 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60. Moreover, histological and histomorphometric analyses were done on day 60. PDBM was compared to cancelous bone powder (BP) before its partial demineralization. The expression levels of selected inflammation-, angiogenesis-, and bone-related genes were also investigated by RT-PCR, 3, 7, and 14 days after surgery. Compared to the control group, the PDBM group exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05) in radiopacity in 8-mm-and 6-mm-diameter defects at all time points tested. On day 60, the amount of newly-formed bone was greater (16 and 1.6 folds; p < 0.001; respectively) compared to that in control defects. No bone formation was observed in defects filled with BP regardeless of the size. In 8-mm-diameter defect, PDBM was effective enough to induce the upregulation of genes pertinent to inflammation (i.e., TNFα, IL-6, and IL-8), angiogenesis (i.e., VEGF, VWF), and osteogenesis (ALP, RUNX2, BGLAP, SP7) by day 3 after surgery. This study showed that the tested PDBM deeply influences the early critical events involved in bone regeneration and exhibits efficient osteoformation capacity, making it an attractive graft option for treating defects in periodontal and maxillofacial areas.

Mots clés: Bone allograft; Bone regeneration; Calvarial defect; Critical-size bone defect; Demineralized bone matrix

Domaines: Biomatériaux

Ahmad Moustapha Diallo, Ahmad Moustapha Diallo, Solène Rota, Michel Boissière, Raphaël Bardonnet, et al.. Osteoformation potential of an allogenic partially demineralized bone matrix in critical-size defects in the rat calvarium. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2021, 127, pp.112207. ⟨10.1016/j.msec.2021.112207⟩. ⟨hal-03264528⟩