Comparative genome sequence analysis underscores mycoparasitism as the ancestral life style of Trichoderma.

Christian Kubicek , Alfredo Herrera-Estrella , Verena Seidl-Seiboth , Diego Martinez (1) , Irina Druzhinina , Michael Thon (2) , Susanne Zeilinger , Sergio Casas-Flores (3) , Benjamin Horwitz (4) , Prasun Mukherjee , Mala Mukherjee , László Kredics (5) , Luis Alcaraz , Andrea A. Aerts (6) , Zsuzsanna Antal , Lea Atanasova , Mayte Cervantes-Badillo (3) , Jean Challacombe (6) , Olga Chertkov (7) , Kevin Mccluskey (8) , Fanny Coulpier (9) , Nandan Deshpande (10) , Hans von Döhren , Daniel Ebbole (11) , Edgardo Esquivel-Naranjo , Erzsébet Fekete , Michel Flipphi , Fabian Glaser (4) , Elida Gómez-Rodríguez (3) , Sabine Gruber , Cliff Han (12) , Bernard Henrissat (13) , Rosa Hermosa , Miguel Hernández-Oñate , Levente Karaffa , Idit Kosti (4) , Stéphane Le Crom (9) , Erika Lindquist (6) , Susan Lucas (12) , Mette Lübeck (14) , Peter Lübeck (14) , Antoine Margeot (15) , Benjamin Metz , Monica Misra (16) , Helena Nevalainen (10) , Markus Omann , Nicolle Packer (10) , Giancarlo Perrone (17) , Edith Uresti-Rivera (3) , Asaf Salamov (6) , Monika Schmoll (18) , Bernhard Seiboth (18) , Harris Shapiro (6) , Serenella Sukno (2) , Juan Antonio Tamayo-Ramos (19) , Doris Tisch , Aric Wiest (8) , Heather Wilkinson (20) , Michael Zhang (6) , Pedro Coutinho (13) , Charles Kenerley (20) , Scott Baker (6) , Igor Grigoriev (12)

1 MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2 Universidad de Salamanca
3 IPICYT - Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica
4 Technion - Israel Institute of Technology [Haifa]
5 University of Szeged [Szeged]
6 DOE Joint Genome Institute [Walnut Creek]
7 LANL - Los Alamos National Laboratory
8 UMKC - University of Missouri [Kansas City]
9 Genomique ENS - GenomiqueENS
10 Macquarie University
11 Texas A&M University System
12 DOE - Department of Energy / Joint Genome Institute
13 AFMB - Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques
14 AAU - Aalborg University [Denmark]
15 IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles
16 Joint Genome Institute (JGI)
17 ISPA - Institute of Sciences of Food Production
18 TU Wien - Vienna University of Technology = Technische Universität Wien
19 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
20 Texas A&M University [College Station]

Background: Mycoparasitism, a lifestyle where one fungus is parasitic on another fungus, has special relevance when the prey is a plant pathogen, providing a strategy for biological control of pests for plant protection. Probably, the most studied biocontrol agents are species of the genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma. Results: Here we report an analysis of the genome sequences of the two biocontrol species Trichoderma atroviride (teleomorph Hypocrea atroviridis) and Trichoderma virens (formerly Gliocladium virens, teleomorph Hypocrea virens), and a comparison with Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina). These three Trichoderma species display a remarkable conservation of gene order (78 to 96%), and a lack of active mobile elements probably due to repeat-induced point mutation. Several gene families are expanded in the two mycoparasitic species relative to T. reesei or other ascomycetes, and are overrepresented in non-syntenic genome regions. A phylogenetic analysis shows that T. reesei and T. virens are derived relative to T. atroviride. The mycoparasitism-specific genes thus arose in a common Trichoderma ancestor but were subsequently lost in T. reesei. Conclusions: The data offer a better understanding of mycoparasitism, and thus enforce the development of improved biocontrol strains for efficient and environmentally friendly protection of plants.

Domaines: Mycologie; Génomique, Transcriptomique et Protéomique [q-bio.GN]; Bio-Informatique, Biologie Systémique [q-bio.QM]

Christian Kubicek, Alfredo Herrera-Estrella, Verena Seidl-Seiboth, Diego Martinez, Irina Druzhinina, et al.. Comparative genome sequence analysis underscores mycoparasitism as the ancestral life style of Trichoderma.. Genome Biology, 2011, 12 (4), pp.R40. ⟨10.1186/gb-2011-12-4-r40⟩. ⟨hal-02879334⟩