Genome expansion and gene loss in powdery mildew fungi reveal tradeoffs in extreme parasitism

Pietro D Spanu (1) , James C Abbott (1) , Joelle J. Amselem (2) , Timothy A. Burgis (1) , Darren M Soanes (3) , Kurt Stueber (4) , Emiel Ver Loren van Themaat (4) , James K.M Brown (5) , Sarah A Butcher (1) , Sarah J Gurr (6) , Marc-Henri M.-H. Lebrun (2) , Christopher J Ridout (5) , Paul Schulze-Lefert (4) , Nicolas J. Talbot (7) , Nahal Ahmadinejad (4) , Christian Ametz (8) , Geraint R Barton (8) , Mariam Benjdia (4) , Przemyslaw Bidzinski (4) , Laurence V Bindschedler (9) , Maike Both (8) , Marin T Brewer (10) , Lance Cadle-Davidson (11, 10) , Molly M Cadle-Davidson (11) , Jérôme Collemare (12, 13) , Raimer Cramer (9) , Omer Frenkel (10) , Dale Godfrey (14) , James J. Harriman (11) , Claire Hoede (15) , Brian C. King (10) , Sven Klages (16) , Jochen) Kleemann (4) , Daniela Knoll (4) , Prasanna S Kotis (4) , Jonathan J. Kreplak (15) , Francisco J Lopez-Ruiz (5) , Xunli Lu (4) , Takaki Maekawa (4) , Siraprapa Mahanil (11) , Cristina Micali (4) , Michael G Milgroom (10) , Giovanni Montana (8) , Sandra Noir (4) , Richard O'Connell (4) , Simone Oberhaensli (17) , Francis Parlange (17) , Carsten Pedersen (14) , Hadi Quesneville (15) , Richard Reinhardt (16) , Matthias Rott (4) , Soledad Sacristán (18) , Sarah M Schmidt (4) , Moritz Schoen (4) , Pari Skamnioti (6) , Hans Sommer (4) , Amber Stephens (4) , Hiroyuki Takahara (4) , Hans Thordal-Christensen (14) , Marielle Vigouroux (6) , Ralf Wessling (4) , Thomas Wicker (17) , Ralf Panstruga (4)

1 Imperial College London
2 BIOGER - BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture
3 University of Exeter
4 MPIPZ - Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research
5 John Innes Centre [Norwich]
6 University of Oxford
7 Sch Biosci
8 Dept Life Sci
9 UOR - University of Reading
10 Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol
11 Grape Genet Res Unit
12 MAP - Microbiologie, adaptation et pathogénie
13 INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
14 UCPH - University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet
15 URGI - Unité de Recherche Génomique Info
16 MPI-MP - Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology
17 Inst Plant Biol
18 UPM - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Powdery mildews are phytopathogens whose growth and reproduction are entirely dependent on living plant cells. The molecular basis of this life-style, obligate biotrophy, remains unknown. We present the genome analysis of barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Blumeria), as well as a comparison with the analysis of two powdery mildews pathogenic on dicotyledonous plants. These genomes display massive retrotransposon proliferation, genome-size expansion, and gene losses. The missing genes encode enzymes of primary and secondary metabolism, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and transporters, probably reflecting their redundancy in an exclusively biotrophic life-style. Among the 248 candidate effectors of pathogenesis identified in the Blumeria genome, very few (less than 10) define a core set conserved in all three mildews, suggesting that most effectors represent species-specific adaptations.

Mots clés: PLANT-PATHOGENS; VIRULENCE

Mots clés: PROTEINS

Domaines: Biologie cellulaire

Pietro D Spanu, James C Abbott, Joelle J. Amselem, Timothy A. Burgis, Darren M Soanes, et al.. Genome expansion and gene loss in powdery mildew fungi reveal tradeoffs in extreme parasitism. Science, 2010, 330 (6010), pp.1543-1546. ⟨10.1126/science.1194573⟩. ⟨hal-02664949⟩