Tracing cross species transmission of Mycobacterium bovis at the wildlife/ livestock interface in South Africa

Petronillah R Sichewo (1, 2) , Tiny M Hlokwe (3) , Eric Etter (4, 5, 6) , Anita L Michel (1, 7)

1 Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science
2 Midlands State University
3 Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
4 UMR ASTRE - Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes
5 Faculty of Veterinary Science - Department of Production Animal Studies
6 Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques
7 National Zoological Gardens of South Africa

Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) affects cattle and wildlife in South Africa with the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) as the principal maintenance host. The presence of a wildlife maintenance host at the wildlife/livestock interface acting as spill-over host makes it much more challenging to control and eradicate bTB in cattle. Spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) genotyping methods were performed to investigate the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) isolates from cattle and wildlife, their distribution and transmission at the wildlife/livestock interface in northern Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN), South Africa. Results SB0130 was identified as the dominant spoligotype pattern at this wildlife/livestock interface, while VNTR typing revealed a total of 29 VNTR profiles (strains) in the KZN province signifying high genetic variability. The detection of 5 VNTR profiles shared between cattle and buffalo suggests M. bovis transmission between species. MIRU-VNTR confirmed co-infection in one cow with three strains of M. bovis that differed at a single locus, with 2 being shared with buffalo, implying pathogen introduction from most probably unrelated wildlife sources. Conclusion Our findings highlight inter and intra species transmission of bTB at the wildlife/livestock interface and the need for the implementation of adequate bTB control measures to mitigate the spread of the pathogen responsible for economic losses and a public health threat.

Domaines: Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]; Médecine vétérinaire et santé animale

Petronillah R Sichewo, Tiny M Hlokwe, Eric Etter, Anita L Michel. Tracing cross species transmission of Mycobacterium bovis at the wildlife/ livestock interface in South Africa. BMC Microbiology, 2020, 20 (1), ⟨10.1186/s12866-020-01736-4⟩. ⟨hal-02559111⟩