Vaccinal effect of HIV-1 antibody therapy

Mar Naranjo-Gomez (1) , Mireia Pelegrin (1)

1 IGMM - Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier

Purpose of the review: This review recalls recent findings regarding the induction of vaccinal effects by HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and highlights potential therapeutic strategies to exploit such immunomodulatory properties. Recent findings: Studies in different animal models have shown that monoclonal antibodies can generate long-lasting protective immunity. Induction of this vaccinal effect by HIV-1 bNAbs has also been more recently reported in animal models of HIV-1 infection. Notably, bNAbs treatment of macaques infected with the SHIV chimeric virus improved both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses that contributed to disease control. Importantly, this concept has been extended to HIV-1 infected patients as enhancement of humoral responses was recently reported in HIV-1 patients treated with bNAbs. Studies aiming at elucidating the mechanisms underlying these immunomodulatory properties of bNAbs have identified a role for immune complexes in shaping immune responses against HIV-1. They also highlight different Fc effector functions that might be required for the enhancement of HIV- 1 immune responses upon bNAbs treatment. Summary: HIV-1 bNAbs can elicit protective adaptive immune responses through mechanisms involving multiple cellular and molecular actors of the immune system. Harnessing these mechanisms will be crucial to achieve protective immunity against HIV-1 infection by bNAbs.

Mots clés: mAb-based immunotherapy; vaccinal effect; immunomodulation; adaptive immunity; immune complexes

Domaines: Médecine humaine et pathologie

Mar Naranjo-Gomez, Mireia Pelegrin. Vaccinal effect of HIV-1 antibody therapy. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2019, 14 (4), pp.325-333. ⟨10.1097/COH.0000000000000555⟩. ⟨hal-02403087⟩