Experimental insight for flood flow repartition in urban areas
Résumé
Modeling floods in urban areas remains a challenge. To understand flow patterns in urban geometries better and constrain models, an experimental rig representing a 1/200 scale urban geometry with various street widths and angles is presented. Measurements of hydraulic variables for flow conditions ranging from moderate to extreme flooding were performed. Over this range, accurate inflow and outflow boundary condition measurements allow the geometry effect on inlet–outlet discharge conservation to be studied for each street. Froude numbers are found to be independent of the total flowrate. Interestingly, the flow distribution among all streets remains comparable over the range of boundary conditions. Moreover, three behaviors have been identified depending on street response as a function of the evolution of the upstream discharge distribution. Future measurements with high spatiotemporal sampling would allow possible coupling of flow features and energy dissipation to be studied at various scales and other flow configurations and district geometries to be characterized.