Host range and cellular tropism of the human exogenous gammaretrovirus XMRV
Résumé
Recently, the first human infection with an exogenous gammaretrovirus (XMRV) was reported. In its initial description, XMRV was confined to prostate stromal fibroblasts, although subsequent reports demonstrated XMRV protein expression in prostate epithelial cells. Most recently, XMRV has been detected in blood cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. The aim of this study was to elucidate the transmission routes and tissue tropism of XMRV by comparing its host range, receptor usage and LTR functionality with other MLV isolates. We demonstrate using pseudotype experiments that XMRV Env mediates efficient infection of cells from different species. We show that replication competent XMRV infects various human cell types, including hematopoietic cell lines and prostate stromal fibroblasts. XMRV-LTR activity is significantly higher in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and in prostate stromal fibroblasts, compared to other cell types tested and could be one factor contributing to efficient viral spread in prostate tissue.
Mots clés
Animals Cell Line Cell Membrane/metabolism Gammaretrovirus/*pathogenicity/physiology Humans Male Mice Phylogeny Prostate/virology Receptors
Nucleic Acid Terminal Repeat Sequences/physiology Tumor Virus Infections/*virology Viral Envelope Proteins/physiology Virus Replication/physiology
Virus/metabolism Retroviridae Infections/*virology Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Sequence Homology
G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism Receptors