Joule overheating poisons the fractional ac Josephson effect in topological Josephson junctions

Kévin Le Calvez (1) , Louis Veyrat (1) , Frédéric Gay (2) , Philippe Plaindoux (2) , Clemens Winkelmann (1) , Hervé Courtois (1) , Benjamin Sacépé (1)

1 NEEL - QuNES - Nano-Electronique Quantique et Spectroscopie
2 NEEL - AUTOCARAC - Automatisation & caractérisation

Topological Josephson junctions designed on the surface of a 3D-topological insulator harbor Majorana bound states among a continuum of conventional Andreev bound states. The distinct feature of these Majorana bound states lies in the 4π-periodicity of their energyphase relation that yields a fractional ac Josephson effect and a suppression of odd Shapiro steps under radio-frequency irradiation. Yet, recent experiments showed that a few, or only the first, odd Shapiro steps are missing, casting doubts on the interpretation. Here we show that Josephson junctions tailored on the large bandgap 3D-topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 exhibit a fractional ac Josephson effect acting on the first Shapiro step only. With a modified resistively shunted junction model, we demonstrate that the resilience of higher order odd Shapiro steps can be accounted for by thermal poisoning driven by Joule overheating. Furthermore, we uncover a residual supercurrent at the nodes between Shapiro lobes, which provides a direct and novel signature of the current carried by the Majorana bound states. Our findings showcase the crucial role of thermal effects in topological Josephson junctions and lend support to the Majorana origin of the partial suppression of odd Shapiro steps.

Domaines: Supraconductivité [cond-mat.supr-con]; Systèmes mésoscopiques et effet Hall quantique [cond-mat.mes-hall]

Kévin Le Calvez, Louis Veyrat, Frédéric Gay, Philippe Plaindoux, Clemens Winkelmann, et al.. Joule overheating poisons the fractional ac Josephson effect in topological Josephson junctions. Communications Physics, 2019, 2, pp.4. ⟨10.1038/s42005-018-0100-x⟩. ⟨hal-01974243⟩