Colored Glaze Tiles during the Ottoman Empire (beginning of the 15th to the mid-16th century )
Résumé
The first centuries of Islamic civilization were characterized by major technological developments which resulted from intensive technical experimentation and aesthetic research: one of these is the colored glaze decoration, where a non-vitreous line surrounds different areas of colored glazes serving to keep these glazes separated during the firing. This ornamentation has spread in Central Asia from the end of the 14th century, to the Ottoman Empire during the 15th and the 16th century and finally in Iran and India during the Safavid reign. This kind of decoration is still little known and the literature stays muddled about it.
The object of this poster is to characterize the craftsmen’s recipes for making these tiles during two periods of the Ottoman period: the beginning of the 15th century and the first half of the 16th century. The corpus of this study is currently made of tiles coming from the storage of the Islamic Art Department of the Louvre Museum and of the museum of Sèvres – Cité de la Céramique. In addition to being observed at the macroscopic and microscopic scale, these shards has been subjected to physicochemical analysis in order to have a better understanding of their operating process (the stratigraphy of the decoration, the nature of the paste, the glazes, the black outline…) and so of their evolution according to different geographical areas. A part of this sampling was examined at the CRP2A (Centre de Recherche en Physique Appliquée à l’Archéologie) in Bordeaux with destructive analysis (MEB-EDS), at the C2RMF (Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France) in Paris with non-destructive analysis (PIXE, PIGE) and at the MONARIS (De la molécule aux nano-objets: réactivité, interactions et spectroscopies) in Paris for Raman spectrometry.
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