Brettanomyces bruxellensis population survey reveals a diploid-triploid complex structured according to substrate of isolation and geographical distribution

Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarede (1) , Marta Avramova (2) , Alice Cibrario (2) , Emilien Peltier (3) , Monika Coton (4) , Emmanuel Coton (4) , Joseph Schacherer (5) , Giuseppe Spano (6) , Vittorio Capozzi (6) , Giuseppe Blaiotta , Franck Salin (7) , Marguerite Dols-Lafargue (8) , Paul Grbin , Chris Curtin , Warren Albertin (2) , Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarède (2)

1 UMRO - Oenologie
2 OENO - Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon]
3 ISVV - Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin [Villenave d'Ornon]
4 LUBEM - Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne
5 LHyGeS - Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg
6 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente - Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment [University of Foggia]
7 Universidad de Talca
8 ISVV - Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin

Brettanomyces bruxellensis is a unicellular fungus of increasing industrial and scientific interest over the past 15 years. Previous studies revealed high genotypic diversity amongst B. bruxellensis strains as well as strain-dependent phenotypic characteristics. Genomic assemblies revealed that some strains harbour triploid genomes and based upon prior genotyping it was inferred that a triploid population was widely dispersed across Australian wine regions. We performed an intraspecific diversity genotypic survey of 1488 B. bruxellensis isolates from 29 countries, 5 continents and 9 different fermentation niches. Using microsatellite analysis in combination with different statistical approaches, we demonstrate that the studied population is structured according to ploidy level, substrate of isolation and geographical origin of the strains, underlying the relative importance of each factor. We found that geographical origin has a different contribution to the population structure according to the substrate of origin, suggesting an anthropic influence on the spatial biodiversity of this microorganism of industrial interest. The observed clustering was correlated to variable stress response, as strains from different groups displayed variation in tolerance to the wine preservative sulfur dioxide (SO2). The potential contribution of the triploid state for adaptation to industrial fermentations and dissemination of the species B. bruxellensis is discussed.

Domaines: Biodiversité et Ecologie

Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarede, Marta Avramova, Alice Cibrario, Emilien Peltier, Monika Coton, et al.. Brettanomyces bruxellensis population survey reveals a diploid-triploid complex structured according to substrate of isolation and geographical distribution. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8 (1), pp.1-13. ⟨10.1038/s41598-018-22580-7⟩. ⟨hal-01900511⟩