Gaia Data Release 2. Observations of solar system objects

F. Spoto 1 P. Tanga 1 F. Mignard 1 J. Berthier 2 B. Carry 3 A. Cellino 4 A. Dell’oro D. Hestroffer 2 K. Muinonen 5 T. Pauwels 6 J. Petit P. David F. de Angeli 7 M. Delbò 1 B. Frézouls L. Galluccio 1 M. Granvik J. Guiraud J. Hernandez C. Ordenovic 1 J. Portell E. Poujoulet W. Thuillot 2 G. Walmsley A. Brown A. Vallenari T. Prusti 8 J. de Bruijne C. Babusiaux 9, 10 C. Bailer-Jones M. Biermann D. Evans L. Eyer 11 F. Jansen C. Jordi S. Klioner U. Lammers L. Lindegren X. Luri 12 C. Panem D. Pourbaix 13 S. Randich P. Sartoretti 9 H. Siddiqui C. Soubiran 14 F. Van Leeuwen A. Walton F. Arenou 9 U. Bastian 15 M. Cropper R. Drimmel D. Katz 9 M. Lattanzi J. Bakker C. Cacciari J. Castañeda L. Chaoul N. Cheek C. Fabricius R. Guerra 16 B. Holl E. Masana 17 R. Messineo N. Mowlavi K. Nienartowicz P. Panuzzo 18 M. Riello M. Seabroke F. Thevenin 1 G. Gracia-Abril G. Comoretto M. Garcia-Reinaldos D. Teyssier M. Altmann R. Andrae M. Audard 19 I. Bellas-Velidis K. Benson R. Blomme 6 P. Burgess 7 G. Busso 7 G. Clementini 20 M. Clotet O. Creevey 21 M. David J. de Ridder 18 L. Delchambre C. Ducourant J. Fernández-Hernández M. Fouesneau Y. Frémat 9 M. García-Torres J. González-Núñez J. González-Vidal E. Gosset 22 P. Guy J. Halbwachs C. Hambly D. Harrison T. Hodgkin A. Hutton Gérard Jasniewicz 23 A. Jean-Antoine-Piccolo S. Jordan J. Korn A. Krone-Martins 24 C. Lanza T. Lebzelter W. L O¨ M. Manteiga M. Marrese J. Martín-Fleitas A. Moitinho 25 A. Mor J. Osinde E. Pancino 26 A. Recio-Blanco 1 J. Richards L. Rimoldini C. Robin M. Sarro C. Siopis M. Smith A. Sozzetti M. Süveges J. Torra W. Van Reeven U. Abbas A. Abreu Aramburu S. Accart C. Aerts G. Altavilla M. Álvarez R. Alvarez J. Alves R. Anderson H. Andrei E. Anglada Varela E. Antiche T. Antoja B. Arcay T. Astraatmadja 27 N. Bach S. Baker L. Balaguer-Nunez 28 P. Balm C. Barache 29 C. Barata D. Barbato F. Barblan S. Barklem D. Barrado 30 M. Barros M. Barstow 31 L. Bartholomé Muñoz J. Bassilana U. Becciani M. Bellazzini A. Berihuete Stefano Bertone L. Bianchi 32 O. Bienaymé 33 S. Blanco-Cuaresma 34 T. Boch C. Boeche A. Bombrun R. Borrachero D. Bossini S. Bouquillon 29 G. Bourda A. Bragaglia L. Bramante M. Breddels A. Bressan 35 N. Brouillet 36 T. Brüsemeister E. Brugaletta B. Bucciarelli A. Burlacu D. Busonero A. Butkevich R. Buzzi E. Caffau 9 R. Cancelliere G. Cannizzaro T. Cantat-Gaudin R. Carballo T. Carlucci 29 J. Carrasco 37 L. Casamiquela M. Castellani 38 A. Castro-Ginard P. Charlot L. Chemin A. Chiavassa 23 G. Cocozza G. Costigan S. Cowell 7 F. Crifo 9 M. Crosta C. Crowley J. Cuypers 6 C. Dafonte Y. Damerdji 39 A. Dapergolas P. de Laverny 1 F. de Luise 40 R. de March R. de Souza A. de Torres J. Debosscher 41 E. Del Pozo A. Delgado H. Delgado S. Diakite 42 C. Diener E. Distefano C. Dolding P. Drazinos J. Duran B. Edvardsson 43 H. Enke K. Eriksson 43 P. Esquej G. Eynard Bontemps C. Fabre 44 M. Fabrizio 45 S. Faigler J. Falcão M. Farràs Casas L. Federici 46 G. Fedorets P. Fernique 47 F. Figueras 48 F. Filippi 49 K. Findeisen A. Fonti E. Fraile M. Fraser 50 M. Gai 4 S. Galleti D. Garabato F. García-Sedano A. Garofalo N. Garralda A. Gavel P. Gavras J. Gerssen R. Geyer P. Giacobbe G. Gilmore S. Girona G. Giuffrida F. Glass M. Gomes A. Gueguen 51 A. Guerrier 52 R. Gutié R. Haigron 9 D. Hatzidimitriou 53 M. Hauser M. Haywood 9 U. Heiter 43 A. Helmi 54 J. Heu T. Hilger D. Hobbs W. Hofmann G. Holland H. Huckle A. Hypki V. Icardi K. Janßen G. Jevardat de Fombelle G. Jonker L. Juhasz 55 F. Julbe A. Karampelas A. Kewley J. Klar A. Kochoska R. Kohley 56 K. Kolenberg M. Kontizas E. Kontizas S. Koposov G. Kordopatis 1 Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska P. Koubsky S. Lambert 57 A. Lanza Y. Lasne 58 J. Lavigne Y. Le Fustec C. Le Poncin-Lafitte 59 Y. Lebreton 9, 60 S. Leccia N. Leclerc I. Lecoeur-Taibi H. Lenhardt F. Leroux S. Liao 61 E. Licata H. Lindstrøm T. Lister E. Livanou A. Lobel 6 M. López S. Managau G. Mann 62 G. Mantelet 63 O. Marchal 64 J. Marchant 65 M. Marconi S. Marinoni G. Marschalkó J. Marshall M. Martino G. Marton 66 N. Mary D. Massari G. Matijevič T. Mazeh 67 J. Mcmillan S. Messina D. Michalik R. Millar D. Molina R. Molinaro 68 L. Molnar P. Montegriffo R. Mor R. Morbidelli T. Morel D. Morris A. Mulone T. Muraveva I. Musella G. Nelemans L. Nicastro L. Noval W. O’mullane D. Ordóñez-Blanco P. Osborne C. Pagani I. Pagano F. Pailler H. Palacin L. Palaversa A. Panahi M. Pawlak M. Piersimoni F. Pineau E. Plachy G. Plum E. Poggio A. Prša L. Pulone E. Racero S. Ragaini N. Rambaux 2 M. Ramos-Lerate S. Regibo C. Reyle 69 F. Riclet V. Ripepi 70 A. Riva 71 A. Rivard G. Rixon 7 T. Roegiers M. Roelens M. Romero-Gomez 72 N. Rowell F. Royer 9 L. Ruiz-Dern 52 G. Sadowski T. Sagristà Sellés J. Sahlmann J. Salgado E. Salguero N. Sanna T. Santana-Ros 73 M. Sarasso H. Savietto M. Schultheis 69 E. Sciacca M. Segol C. Segovia D. Segransan 34 C. Shih 74 L. Siltala A. Silva R. Smart 4 K. Smith E. Solano 75 F. Solitro R. Sordo S. Soria Nieto J. Souchay 29 A. Spagna U. Stampa A. Steele 76 H. Steidelmüller C. Stephenson H. Stoev F. Suess J. Surdej 77 L. Szabados 78 E. Szegedi-Elek D. Tapiador F. Taris G. Tauran M. Taylor R. Teixeira 79 D. Terrett P. Teyssandier 29 A. Titarenko F. Torra Clotet C. Turon 9 A. Ulla E. Utrilla S. Uzzi M. Vaillant G. Valentini 80 V. Valette A. Van Elteren E. Van Hemelryck M. Van Leeuwen M. Vaschetto A. Vecchiato 81 J. Veljanoski Y. Viala 9 D. Vicente 82 S. Vogt C. Von Essen H. Voss V. Votruba S. Voutsinas M. Weiler O. Wertz T. Wevers 83 Ł. Wyrzykowski A. Yoldas 7 M. Žerjal H. Ziaeepour 84 J. Zorec 85 S. Zschocke 86 S. Zucker 87 C. Zurbach 88 T. Zwitter
1 CASSIOPEE - Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides
2 IMCCE - Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides
3 UCA - Université Côte d'Azur
4 OATo - INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
5 HIP - Helsinki Institute of Physics
6 Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels]
7 Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge]
8 ESA - Agence Spatiale Européenne
9 GEPI - Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation
10 IPAG - Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble
11 Geneva Observatory
12 Institut de Ciènces del Cosmos (ICC)
13 ULB - Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles]
14 LAB - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac]
15 Zentrum für astronomie
16 ULPGC - University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
17 Departament de Geodinamica i Geofısica, Facultat de Geologia,
18 AIM - UMR 7158 - UMR E 9005 - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
19 UNIGE - Université de Genève
20 UNIBO - Università di Bologna [Bologna]
21 IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale
22 UPJV - Université de Picardie Jules Verne
23 GRAAL - Groupe de Recherche en Astronomie et Astrophysique du Languedoc
24 OASU - Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers
25 FCUL - SIM/IDL Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa
26 OABO - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna
27 FOM Instituut voor Subatomaire Fysica Nikhef
28 UB - Universitat de Barcelona
29 SYRTE - Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace
30 LAEX, Depto. Astrofísica
31 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester]
32 IPNO - Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay
33 observatoire astronomique de strasbourg
34 ObsGE - Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève
35 OAPD - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
36 FORMATION STELLAIRE 2018
LAB - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac]
37 CICEnergigune
38 Atotech Deutschland GmbH
39 CESR - Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements
40 OAR - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
41 Institute of Astronomy [Leuven]
42 CIMI - Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses
43 Uppsala University
44 LSH-ENS - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Hertzienne de l'ENS
45 SISSA / ISAS - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies
46 Service de médecine interne diabète et maladies métaboliqe
47 OAS - Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg
48 IRCELYON - Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon
49 Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" [Rome]
50 Aberystwyth University
51 DAPNIA - Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée
52 CNES - Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales
53 Department of Physics (Athens)
54 Departament Llenguatges i Sistemes Informatics,
55 DEE
56 European Space Astronomy Centre
57 UR ETGR - Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches
58 L3AB - Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux
59 LNE - SYRTE - Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais - Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace
60 IPR - Institut de Physique de Rennes
61 CAS - Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing]
62 AIP - Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam
63 ATMEL - Atmel Corporation
64 PSPM - Probabilités, statistique, physique mathématique
ICJ - Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne]
65 ARI - Astrophysics Research Institute [Liverpool]
66 Helsinki University of Techology,
67 School of Physics and Astronomy [Tel Aviv]
68 Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
69 LAOB - Laboratoire d'astrophysique de l'observatoire de Besançon
70 OAC - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte
71 IREBS - Institut de recherche de l'European Business School
72 LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
73 Astronomical Observatory [Poznan]
74 Department of Paleobiology [Washington]
75 SVO - Spanish Virtual Observatory - Observatorio Virtual Español
76 Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution]
77 Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège]
78 Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences
79 IAG - Instituto de Astronomia, Geofisica e Ciencias Atmosfericas [Sao Paulo]
80 Dipartimento di Fisica
81 Astrometry
OATo - INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino
82 Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
83 Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen]
84 LAL - Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire
85 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
86 Lohrmann Observatory
87 Ben Gurion University
88 LUPM - Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
Abstract : Context. The Gaia spacecraft of the European Space Agency (ESA) has been securing observations of solar system objects (SSOs) since the beginning of its operations. Data Release 2 (DR2) contains the observations of a selected sample of 14,099 SSOs. These asteroids have been already identified and have been numbered by the Minor Planet Center repository. Positions are provided for each Gaia observation at CCD level. As additional information, complementary to astrometry, the apparent brightness of SSOs in the unfil-tered G band is also provided for selected observations. Aims. We explain the processing of SSO data, and describe the criteria we used to select the sample published in Gaia DR2. We then explore the data set to assess its quality. Methods. To exploit the main data product for the solar system in Gaia DR2, which is the epoch astrometry of asteroids, it is necessary to take into account the unusual properties of the uncertainty, as the position information is nearly one-dimensional. When this aspect is handled appropriately, an orbit fit can be obtained with post-fit residuals that are overall consistent with the a-priori error model that was used to define individual values of the astrometric uncertainty. The role of both random and systematic errors is described. The distribution of residuals allowed us to identify possible contaminants in the data set (such as stars). Photometry in the G band was compared to computed values from reference asteroid shapes and to the flux registered at the corresponding epochs by the red and blue photometers (RP and BP). Results. The overall astrometric performance is close to the expectations, with an optimal range of brightness G ∼ 12 − 17. In this range, the typical transit-level accuracy is well below 1 mas. For fainter asteroids, the growing photon noise deteriorates the performance. Asteroids brighter than G ∼ 12 are affected by a lower performance of the processing of their signals. The dramatic improvement brought by Gaia DR2 astrometry of SSOs is demonstrated by comparisons to the archive data and by preliminary tests on the detection of subtle non-gravitational effects.
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Journal articles
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Contributor : Marie-Paule Pomies <>
Submitted on : Tuesday, March 19, 2019 - 5:07:22 AM
Last modification on : Thursday, April 25, 2019 - 4:16:33 PM

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F. Spoto, P. Tanga, F. Mignard, J. Berthier, B. Carry, et al.. Gaia Data Release 2. Observations of solar system objects. Astronomy and Astrophysics - A&A, EDP Sciences, 2018, 616, pp.id.A13. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/201832900⟩. ⟨hal-01867330⟩

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