Cannabis use in male and female first episode of non-affective psychosis patients: Long-term clinical, neuropsychological and functional differences
Résumé
Background
Numerous studies show the existence of a high prevalence of cannabis use among patients
with psychosis. However, the differences between men and women who debut with a first
episode of psychosis (FEP) regarding cannabis use have not been largely explored. The
aim of this study was to identify the specific sex factors and differences in clinical evolution
associated with cannabis use.
Method
Sociodemographic characteristics at baseline were considered in our sample of FEP
patients to find differences depending on sex and the use of cannabis. Clinical, functional
and neurocognitive variables at baseline, 1-year, and 3-years follow-up were also explored.
Results
A total of 549 patients, of whom 43% (N = 236) were cannabis users, 79% (N = 186) male
and 21% (N = 50) female, were included in the study. There was a clear relationship
between being male and being a user of cannabis (OR = 5.6). Cannabis users were
younger at illness onset. Longitudinal analysis showed that women significantly improved in
all three dimensions of psychotic symptoms, both in the subgroup of cannabis users and in
the non-users subgroup. Conversely, subgroups of men did not show improvement in the
negative dimension. In cognitive function, only men presented a significant time by group
interaction in processing speed, showing a greater improvement in the subgroup of cannabis
users.
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