TXRF characterization and source identification by positive matrix factorization of airborne particulate matter sampled in Kenitra City (Morocco)
Résumé
Samples of fine and coarse fraction of airborne particulate matter were collected on weekly basis during the period from February 2007 to February 2008 in Kenitra City, Morocco. The samples were collected using a Gent stacked filter sampler in two fractions (<2.5 mu m, fine and 2.5-10 mu m, coarse). The samples were analyzed for their elemental composition by total reflection X-ray fluorescence. The data set was then analyzed by the factor analysis method, positive matrix factorization to identify the possible sources of particulate matter and their contribution to the ambient particulate matter concentrations in Kenitra City. Four factors from positive matrix factorization solutions were found for elemental composition of fine and coarse particulate matter at the Kenitra site. In the case of fine particles, metal smelting sources contribute about 52% of the fine mass. The road dust contributes to about 22% and the rest 26% comprises emissions from motor vehicles and soil dust. In the case of coarse particles, soil dust contributes about 43% and the two stroke engines about 42% of the coarse mass, whereas road dust and motor vehicles apportioned to be about 10 and 4%, respectively. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.