Neutral Aggregation in Finite Length Genotype space
Résumé
The advent of modern genome sequencing techniques allows for a more stringent test of the neutrality hypothesis of Evolution, where all individuals have the same fitness. Using the individual based model of Wright and Fisher, we compute the amplitude of neutral aggregation in the genome space, i.e., the probability PL,Θ,M (k) of finding two individuals at genetic distance k for a genome of size L and mutation and migration number Θ and M. In well mixed populations, we show that for Θ ≪ L, neutral aggregation is the dominant force and most individuals are found at short genetic distances from each other. For Θ ∼ L/2 on the contrary, individuals are randomly dispersed in genome space. For a geographically dispersed population, the controlling parameter is a combination of mutation and migration numbers. The theory we develop can be used to test the neutrality hypothesis in various ecological and evolutionary systems.
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