Unshuffling Permutations

Samuele Giraudo (1) , Stéphane Vialette (1)

1 LIGM - Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge

A permutation is said to be a square if it can be obtained by shuffling two order-isomorphic patterns. The definition is intended to be the natural counterpart to the ordinary shuffle of words and languages. In this paper, we tackle the problem of recognizing square permutations from both the point of view of algebra and algorithms. On the one hand, we present some algebraic and combinatorial properties of the shuffle product of permutations. We follow an unusual line consisting in defining the shuffle of permutations by means of an unshuffling operator, known as a coproduct. This strategy allows to obtain easy proofs for algebraic and combinatorial properties of our shuffle product. We besides exhibit a bijection between square (213, 231)-avoiding permutations and square binary words. On the other hand, using a containment-free perfect matching criterion, we prove that recognizing square permutations is NP-complete.

Domaines: Algorithme et structure de données [cs.DS]; Combinatoire [math.CO]

Samuele Giraudo, Stéphane Vialette. Unshuffling Permutations. Latin American Theoretical Informatics Symposium, 2016. ⟨hal-01260549v1⟩