Spatial variation in age structure among colonies of a marine snake: the influence of ectothermy
Résumé
1. Several tetrapod lineages that have evolved to exploit marine environments (e.g. seals, seabirds,
sea kraits) continue to rely upon land for reproduction and, thus, form dense colonies
on suitable islands.
2. In birds and mammals (endotherms), the offspring cannot survive without their parents.
Terrestrial colonies contain all age classes. In reptiles (ectotherms), this constraint is relaxed,
because offspring are independent from birth. Hence, each age class has the potential to select
sites with characteristics that favour them.
3. Our studies of sea snakes (sea kraits) in the lagoon of New Caledonia reveal marked spatial
heterogeneity in age structure among colonies.
4. Sea krait colonies exhibit the endothermic ‘seal–seabird’ pattern (mixed-age classes within
populations) only where the lagoon is narrow. Where the lagoon is wide, most snake colonies
are comprised primarily of a single age cohort. Nurseries are located near the coast, adult colonies
offshore and mixed colonies in-between.
5. We suggest that ectothermy allows individuals to utilize habitats that are best suited to
their own ecological requirements, a flexibility not available to endothermic marine taxa with
obligate parental care.