Challenges in quantifying biosphere-atmosphere exchange of nitrogen species

M.A. Sutton (1) , E. Nemitz (1) , J.W Erisman (2) , C. Beier (3) , K. Butterbach Bahl (4) , Pierre Cellier (5) , W. de Vries (6) , F. Cotrufo (7) , U Skiba (1) , C. Di Marco (1) , S. Jones (1) , Patricia Laville (5) , Jean-François Soussana (8) , Benjamin Loubet (5) , M. Twigg (1) , D. Famulari (1) , J. Whitehead (9) , M.W. Gallagher (9) , A. Neftel (10) , C.R. Flechard (10) , B. Herrmann (10) , P.L. Calanca (10) , J.K. Schjoerring (11) , U. Daemmgen (12) , L. Horvath (13) , Y.P. Tang (1) , B.A. Emmett (14) , A. Tietema (15) , J. Penuelas (16) , M. Kesik (4) , N. Brueggemann (4) , K. Pilegaard (3) , T. Vesala (17) , C.L. Campbell (1) , J.E. Olesen (18) , U. Dragosits (1) , M.R. Theobald (1) , P. Levy (1) , D.C. Mobbs (1) , R. Milne (1) , N. Viovy (19, 20) , N. Vuichard (19, 20) , J.U. Smith (21) , P. Smith (21) , P. Bergamaschi (22) , D. Fowler (1) , S. Reis (1)

1 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
2 Clean Fossil Fuels
3 Risø National Laboratory
4 IMK-IFU - Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung
5 EGC - Environnement et Grandes Cultures
6 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
7 Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli = Second University of Naples
8 URAC - Unité de recherche Agronomie de Clermont
9 University of Manchester [Manchester]
10 Agroscope
11 KVL - Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University = Kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole
12 Institut für Agrarekologie
13 OMSZ - Hungarian Meteorological Service
14 CEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor]
15 UvA - University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] = Universiteit van Amsterdam
16 Center for Ecolological Research and Forestry Applications
17 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
18 Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
19 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
20 MOSAIC - Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales
21 University of Aberdeen
22 IES - JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability

Recent research in nitrogen exchange with the atmosphere has separated research communities according to N form. The integrated perspective needed to quantify the net effect of N on greenhouse-gas balance is being addressed by the NitroEurope Integrated Project (NEU). Recent advances have depended on improved methodologies, while ongoing challenges include gas-aerosol interactions, organic nitrogen and N2 fluxes. The NEU strategy applies a 3-tier Flux Network together with a Manipulation Network of global-change experiments, linked by common protocols to facilitate model application. Substantial progress has been made in modelling N fluxes, especially for N2O, NO and bi-directional NH3 exchange. Landscape analysis represents an emerging challenge to address the spatial interactions between farms, fields, ecosystems, catchments and air dispersion/deposition. European up-scaling of N fluxes is highly uncertain and a key priority is for better data on agricultural practices. Finally, attention is needed to develop N flux verification procedures to assess compliance with international protocols

Mots clés: NITROGEN; FLUXES; MICROMETEOROLOGY; MODELLING; LANDSCAPE; REGIONAL UP-SCALING

Domaines: Environnement et Société

M.A. Sutton, E. Nemitz, J.W Erisman, C. Beier, K. Butterbach Bahl, et al.. Challenges in quantifying biosphere-atmosphere exchange of nitrogen species. Environmental Pollution, 2007, 150 (1), pp.125-139. ⟨10.1016/j.envpol.2007.04.014⟩. ⟨hal-01191966⟩