A complete breeding failure in an Adélie penguin colony correlates with unusual and extreme environmental events
Résumé
Among the outcomes of the drastic changes affecting the Earth’s
ecosystems, nothing is more telling than a complete failure in the
reproductive success of a sentinel species: a “zero” year. Here, we found
that unusual environmental conditions in the Terre Adélie sector of
Antarctica disrupted the breeding activity of Adélie penguins Pygoscelis
adeliae on land – but also their foraging activity at sea – to such a degree
that no chicks survived in the 2013/14 breeding season. Uncommonly
heavy precipitation for this normally dry desert killed chicks en masse,
while weak katabatic winds maintained a persistent sea ice around the
colony, thereby impacting chick provisioning by adults. Extreme events
such as this have direct repercussions for the species in question, and may
also affect the wider sea-ice dependent food web. Understanding the
nature, frequency, and consequences of such events are central to the
management and conservation of this remote yet crucial ecosystem.