P. J. Burt, C. Yen, and X. Xu, Local correlation measures for motion analysis: a comparative study, Proceedings IEEE Conf. on Pattern Recognition and Image Processing, pp.269-274, 1982.

M. A. Sutton, W. J. Wolters, W. H. Peters, W. F. Ranson, and S. R. Mcneill, Determination of displacements using an improved digital correlation method, Image and Vision Computing, vol.1, issue.3, pp.133-139, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0262-8856(83)90064-1

T. C. Chu, W. F. Ranson, M. A. Sutton, and W. H. Peters, Applications of digital-image-correlation techniques to experimental mechanics, Experimental Mechanics, vol.1, issue.3, pp.3-25, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02325092

T. D. Dudderar and P. G. Simpkins, Laser speckle photography in a fluid medium, Nature, vol.16, issue.5632, pp.45-47, 1977.
DOI : 10.1038/270045a0

D. B. Barker and M. E. Fourney, Measuring fluid velocities with speckle patterns, Optics Letters, vol.1, issue.4, pp.135-137, 1977.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.1.000135

R. Grousson and S. Mallick, Study of flow pattern in a fluid by scattered laser light, Applied Optics, vol.16, issue.9, pp.2334-2336, 1977.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.16.002334

R. J. Adrian, Scattering particle characteristics and their effect on pulsed laser measurements of fluid flow: speckle velocimetry vs particle image velocimetry, Applied Optics, vol.23, issue.11, pp.1690-1691, 1984.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.23.001690

C. J. Pickering and N. A. , Speckle photography in fluid flows: signal recovery with two-step processing, Applied Optics, vol.23, issue.8, pp.1128-1129, 1984.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.23.001128

M. A. Sutton, W. Zhao, S. R. Mcneill, J. D. Helm, R. S. Piascik et al., Local crack closure measurements: Development of a measurement system using computer vision and a far-field microscope, in: Advances in fatigue crack closure measurement and analysis: second volume, STP 1343, pp.145-156, 1999.

P. Forquin, L. Rota, Y. Charles, and F. Hild, A Method to Determine the Toughness Scatter of, Brittle Materials, Int. J. Fract, pp.125-126, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002912

I. Elnasri, S. Pattofatto, H. Zhao, H. Tsitsiris, F. Hild et al., Shock enhancement of cellular structures under impact loading: Part I Experiments, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.55, issue.12, pp.2652-2671, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmps.2007.04.005

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00199385

V. Tarigopula, O. S. Hopperstad, M. Langseth, A. H. Clausen, and F. Hild, A study of localisation in dual-phase high-strength steels under dynamic loading using digital image correlation and FE analysis, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.45, issue.2, pp.45-601, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2007.08.021

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200976

E. Soppa, P. Doumalin, P. Binkele, T. Wiesendanger, M. Bornert et al., Experimental and numerical characterisation of in-plane deformation in two-phase materials, Computational Materials Science, vol.21, issue.3
DOI : 10.1016/S0927-0256(01)00170-7

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00111335

I. Chasiotis and W. G. Knauss, A new microtensile tester for the study of MEMS materials with the aid of atomic force microscopy, Experimental Mechanics, vol.44, issue.1, pp.42-43, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02411051

I. Chasiotis, Special issue on nanoscale measurements in Mechanics, Exp. Mech, pp.47-48, 2007.

M. A. Sutton, S. R. Mcneill, J. D. Helm, and Y. J. Chao, Advances in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Computer Vision, pp.323-372, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-48800-6_10

M. A. Sutton, J. D. Helm, and M. L. Boone, Experimental study of crack growth in thin sheet 2024-T3 aluminum under tension-torsion loading, International Journal of Fracture, vol.109, issue.3, pp.285-301, 2001.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1011014917851

M. Bonnet and A. Constantinescu, Inverse problems in elasticity, Inverse Problems, vol.21, issue.2, pp.1-50, 2005.
DOI : 10.1088/0266-5611/21/2/R01

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00111264

S. Avril, M. Bonnet, A. Bretelle, M. Grédiac, F. Hild et al., Overview of Identification Methods of Mechanical Parameters Based on Full-field Measurements, Experimental Mechanics, vol.48, issue.4, pp.48-381, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11340-008-9148-y

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00274639

S. R. Mcneill, W. H. Peters, and M. A. Sutton, Estimation of stress intensity factor by digital image correlation, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol.28, issue.1, pp.28-29, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-7944(87)90124-X

J. Abanto-bueno and J. Lambros, Investigation of crack growth in functionally graded materials using digital image correlation, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol.69, issue.14-16, pp.1695-1711, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00058-9

D. S. Dawicke and M. S. Sutton, CTOA and crack-tunneling measurements in thin sheet 2024-T3 aluminum alloy, Experimental Mechanics, vol.98, issue.4, pp.357-368, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02325151

M. Küntz, M. Jolin, J. Bastien, F. Perez, and F. Hild, Digital image correlation analysis of crack behavior in a reinforced concrete beam during a load test, Canad, J. Civil Eng, vol.33, pp.1418-1425, 2006.

E. P. Simoncelli, Bayesian Multi-Scale Differential Optical Flow, in: Handbook of Computer Vision and Applications, pp.297-422, 1999.

B. Wagne, S. Roux, and F. Hild, Spectral approach to displacement evaluation from image analysis, The European Physical Journal Applied Physics, vol.17, issue.3, pp.247-252, 2002.
DOI : 10.1051/epjap:2002019

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002903

G. Besnard, F. Hild, and S. Roux, ???Finite-Element??? Displacement Fields Analysis from Digital Images: Application to Portevin???Le Ch??telier Bands, Experimental Mechanics, vol.404, issue.3, pp.46-789, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s11340-006-9824-8

T. Black and T. Belytschko, Elastic crack growth in finite elements with minimal remeshing, Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng, vol.45, pp.601-620, 1999.

N. Moës, J. Dolbow, and T. Belytschko, A finite element method for crack growth without remeshing, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.46, issue.1, pp.46-47, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19990910)46:1<131::AID-NME726>3.3.CO;2-A

J. Réthoré, S. Roux, and F. Hild, From pictures to extended finite elements: extended digital image correlation (X-DIC), Comptes Rendus M??canique, vol.335, issue.3, pp.131-137, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crme.2007.02.003

J. Réthoré, F. Hild, and S. Roux, Shear-band capturing using a multiscale extended digital image correlation technique, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.196, issue.49-52, pp.49-52, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cma.2007.06.019

J. D. Helm, Digital Image Correlation for Specimens with Multiple Growing Cracks, Experimental Mechanics, vol.35, issue.6, pp.753-762, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11340-007-9120-2

J. Réthoré, F. Hild, and S. Roux, Extended digital image correlation with crack shape optimization, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.47, issue.2, pp.73-75, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/nme.2070

W. T. Riddel, R. S. Piascik, M. A. Sutton, W. Zhao, S. R. Mcneill et al., Determining Fatigue Crack Opening Loads from Near-Crack-Tip Displacement Measurements, pp.157-174, 1999.
DOI : 10.1520/STP15756S

R. Hamam, F. Hild, and S. Roux, Stress Intensity Factor Gauging by Digital Image Correlation: Application in Cyclic Fatigue, Strain, vol.24, issue.3, pp.181-192, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1475-1305.2007.00345.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00322199

M. L. Williams, The Bending Stress Distribution at the Base of a Stationary Crack, Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol.28, issue.1, pp.109-114, 1957.
DOI : 10.1115/1.3640470

S. Roux and F. Hild, Stress intensity factor measurements from digital image correlation: post-processing and integrated approaches, International Journal of Fracture, vol.40, issue.1, pp.141-157, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s10704-006-6631-2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00013818

J. Réthoré, S. Roux, and F. Hild, An extended and integrated digital image correlation technique applied to the analysis fractured samples, Eur. J. Comput. Mech, vol.18, pp.285-306, 2009.

K. Machida and K. Morita, <title>Elastic-plastic stress analysis near the crack tip by the 2-dimensional elastic-plastic hybrid method and digital image correlation</title>, Proceedings 3rd Int
DOI : 10.1117/12.621741

J. Réthoré, A. Gravouil, F. Morestin, and A. Combescure, Estimation of mixed-mode stress intensity factors using digital image correlation and an interaction integral, International Journal of Fracture, vol.1, issue.3, pp.65-79, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10704-004-8141-4

J. Réthoré, S. Roux, and F. Hild, Noise-robust stress intensity factor determination from kinematic field measurements, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol.75, issue.13, pp.75-88, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.04.018

F. Hild and S. Roux, Measuring stress intensity factors with a camera: Integrated digital image correlation (I-DIC), Comptes Rendus M??canique, vol.334, issue.1, pp.8-12, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crme.2005.11.002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00322201

A. Guvenilir, T. M. Breunig, J. H. Kinney, and S. R. Stock, Direct observation of crack opening as a function of applied load in the interior of a notched tensile sample of Al-Li, Acta Mater, issue.5, pp.45-1977, 1997.

J. Buffì-ere, E. Ferrié, H. Proudhon, and W. Ludwig, Three-dimensional visualisation of fatigue cracks in metals using high resolution synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography, Materials Science and Technology, vol.22, issue.9, pp.1019-1024, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-7944(88)90102-6

H. Toda, I. Sinclair, J. Buffì-ere, E. Maire, T. Connolley et al., Assessment of the fatigue crack closure phenomenon in damage-tolerant aluminium alloy by insitu high-resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography, pp.83-104, 2003.

P. J. Withers, J. Bennett, Y. Hung, and M. Preuss, Crack opening displacements during fatigue crack growth in Ti???SiC fibre metal matrix composites by X-ray tomography, Materials Science and Technology, vol.22, issue.9, pp.1052-1058, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-5096(87)90006-8

E. Ferrié, J. Buffì-ere, W. Ludwig, A. Gravouil, and L. Edwards, Fatigue crack propagation: In situ visualization using X-ray microtomography and 3D simulation using the extended finite element method, Acta Materialia, vol.54, issue.4, pp.54-58, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.10.053

S. Roux, F. Hild, P. Viot, and D. Bernard, Three-dimensional image correlation from X-ray computed tomography of solid foam, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.39, issue.8, pp.1253-1265, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.11.011

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01006730

N. Limodin, J. Réthoré, J. Buffì-ere, F. Hild, W. Ludwig et al., 3D X-ray microtomography image correlation to study fatigue crack growth, 2008.

J. Réthoré, J. Tinnes, S. Roux, J. Buffì-ere, and F. Hild, Extended three-dimensional digital image correlation (X3D-DIC), Comptes Rendus M??canique, vol.336, issue.8, pp.643-649, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crme.2008.06.006

J. Rannou, N. Limodin, J. Réthoré, A. Gravouil, W. Ludwig et al., Three dimensional experimental and numerical multiscale analysis of a fatigue crack, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.199, issue.21-22, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cma.2009.09.013

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00430486

M. A. Sutton, S. R. Mcneill, J. Jang, and M. Babai, Effects Of Subpixel Image Restoration On Digital Correlation Error Estimates, Optical Engineering, vol.27, issue.10, pp.27-37, 1988.
DOI : 10.1117/12.7976778

H. W. Schreier, J. R. Braasch, and M. A. Sutton, Systematic errors in digital image correlation caused by intensity interpolation, Optical Engineering, vol.39, issue.11, pp.39-2915, 2000.
DOI : 10.1117/1.1314593

C. Fennema and W. Thompson, Velocity determination in scenes containing several moving objects, Computer Graphics and Image Processing, vol.9, issue.4, p.301315, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0146-664X(79)90097-2

B. K. Horn and B. G. Schunck, Determining optical flow, Artificial Intelligence, vol.17, issue.1-3, pp.185-203, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-3702(81)90024-2

F. Hild, B. Raka, M. Baudequin, S. Roux, and F. Cantelaube, Multi-Scale Displacement Field Measurements of Compressed Mineral Wool Samples by Digital Image Correlation, Appl. Optics IP, pp.41-73, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002901

S. Roux, F. Hild, and Y. Berthaud, Correlation image velocimetry: a spectral approach, Applied Optics, vol.41, issue.1, pp.108-115, 2002.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.41.000108

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002900

S. Mzabi, C. Boué, F. Martin, and C. Creton, Characterization of the process zone near the crack tip in filled elastomers, Proc. of Int. Rubber Conf., (Kuala-Lumpur, 2008.

D. Claire, F. Hild, and S. Roux, A finite element formulation to identify damage fields: the equilibrium gap method, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.61, issue.2, pp.61-63, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/nme.1057

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00002899

G. Zi and T. Belytschko, New crack-tip elements for XFEM and applications to cohesive cracks, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.87, issue.15, pp.57-72, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/nme.849

D. M. Parks, A stiffness derivative finite element technique for determination of crack tip stress intensity factors, International Journal of Fracture, vol.187, issue.4, pp.487-502, 1974.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00155252

T. K. Hellen, On the method of virtual crack extensions, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.85, issue.1, pp.187-207, 1975.
DOI : 10.1002/nme.1620090114

M. Gosz, J. Dolbow, and B. Moran, Domain integral formulation for stress intensity factor computation along curved three-dimensional interface cracks, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.35, issue.15, p.17631783, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(97)00132-7

H. Rajaram, S. Socrate, and D. M. Parks, Application of domain integral methods using tetrahedral elements to the determination of stress intensity factors, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol.66, issue.5, pp.66-455482, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0013-7944(00)00025-4

B. K. Bay, T. S. Smith, D. P. Fyhrie, and M. Saad, Digital volume correlation: Three-dimensional strain mapping using X-ray tomography, Experimental Mechanics, vol.27, issue.10???12, pp.39-217, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02323555

E. Verhulp, B. Van-rietbergen, and R. Huiskes, A three-dimensional digital image correlation technique for strain measurements in microstructures, Journal of Biomechanics, vol.37, issue.9, pp.37-46, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.12.036

M. Bornert, J. Chaix, P. Doumalin, J. Dupré, T. Fournel et al., Mesure tridimensionnelle de champs cinématiques par imagerie volumique pour l'analyse des matériaux et des structures, Inst. Mes. Métrol, vol.4, pp.43-88, 2004.

J. Buffì-ere, E. Maire, P. Cloetens, G. Lormand, and R. Fougères, Characterisation of internal damage in a MMCp using X-ray synchrotron phase contrast microtomography, Acta Mater, pp.47-52, 1999.

F. Hild, E. Maire, S. Roux, and J. Witz, Three-dimensional analysis of a compression test on stone wool, Acta Materialia, vol.57, issue.11, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.03.038

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00371354

J. Abanto-bueno and J. Lambros, Experimental determination of cohesive failure properties of a photodegradable copolymer, Experimental Mechanics, vol.48, issue.(12), pp.144-152, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02428187

R. Fedele, F. Hild, and S. Roux, Identification of adhesive properties in GLARE assemblies using digital image correlation, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.57, issue.7, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmps.2009.04.005

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00376485

H. Chalal, F. Meraghni, F. Pierron, and M. Grédiac, Direct identification of the damage behaviour of composite materials using the virtual fields method, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.35, issue.7-8, p.841848, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.01.011

S. Roux and F. Hild, Digital Image Mechanical Identification (DIMI), Experimental Mechanics, vol.292, issue.4, pp.495-508, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11340-007-9103-3

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200974

X. Fayolle, S. Calloch, and F. Hild, CONTROLLING TESTING MACHINES WITH DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION, Experimental Techniques, vol.41, issue.3, pp.31-34, 2007.
DOI : 10.1023/B:FRAC.0000021076.76987.62

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00497865

X. Fayolle, F. Correli, and . Ic, programme de pilotage d'essais asservis sur un facteur d'intensité des contraintes, MSc dissertation, 2008.

H. Leclerc, J. Périé, S. Roux, and F. Hild, Integrated Digital Image Correlation for the Identification of Mechanical Properties, 2009), pp.161-171, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.11.024

. Matlab, Matlab 5.3, the Language of Technical Computing, version 5, the MathWorks, inc, 1999.