[Dépistage de l'épilepsie en zones tropicales: validation d'un questionnaire en Mauritanie]
Résumé
Prevalence of epilepsy in developing countries is considered to be 2 to 5 times superior to the industrialized countries. In tropical areas, the diagnosis of epilepsy is still reliant on the clinic and requires a precise semiological description. A good epidemiological and clinical research requires standardized and validated screening tools. The objective of this work was to evaluate the validity of the screening module of the investigation questionnaire on epilepsy in tropical areas, in Nouakchott, Mauritania. All the patients included in the study were examined at first by a neurologist, then directed towards an investigator who asked the 5 screening items of the investigation questionnaire. Any person answering "yes" at least one question was regarded as "suspected of epilepsy" by the investigator. Secondly the neurologist re-examined the subjects and confirmed the diagnosis. The sensitivity and the specificity of the module of screening were calculated. On the whole, 236 patients were included in the study 131 had answered "yes" at least one of the questions of the module of screening and was regarded as "suspected" of epilepsy (55.5%) by the questionnaire. The diagnosis of epilepsy was made for 82 subjects by the neurologist. The sensitivity of the module of screening of the epilepsy was 95.1% (CI 95%: 87.3-98.4) and specificity was 65.6% (CI 95%: 57.5-72.9). The screening module of the investigation questionnaire of epilepsy in tropical zones, made up only by 5 questions, has diagnosis qualities acceptable and comparable with those reported in the literature. The use of this tool integrated in a more general questionnaire of investigation of the. epilepsy proves to be an essential instrument in conducting epidemiologic studies in epileptology' in tropical zones.