Neural networks with a self-refreshing memory: Knowledge transfer in sequential learning tasks without catastrophic forgetting
Résumé
We explore a dual-network architecture with self-refreshing memory (Ans & Rousset, 1997) which overcomes catastrophic forgetting in sequential learning tasks. Its principle is that new knowledge is learned along with an internally generated activity reflecting the network history. What mainly distinguishes this model from others using pseudorehearsal in feedforward multilayer networks, is a reverberating process used for generating pseudoitems. This process, which tends to go up to network attractors from random activation, is more suitable to capture optimally the deep structure of previously learned knowledge than a single feedforward pass of activity. The proposed mechanism for "transporting memory" without loss of information between two different brain structures could be viewed as a neurobiologically plausible means for consolidation in long-term memory. Knowledge transfer is explored with regard to learning speed, ability to generalize, and vulnerability to network damages. We show that transfer is more efficient when two related tasks are sequentially learned than when they are learned concurrently. With a self-refreshing memory network knowledge can be saved for a long time and therefore reused in subsequent acquisitions.