Fallacies of Agreement: A Critical Review of Consensus Assessment Methods for Gesture Elicitation

Theophanis Tsandilas (1, 2)

1 EX-SITU - Extreme Interaction
2 HCC - LRI - Human-Centered Computing (LRI)

Discovering gestures that gain consensus is a key goal of gesture elicitation. To this end, HCI research has developed statistical methods to reason about agreement. We review these methods and identify three major problems. First, we show that raw agreement rates disregard agreement that occurs by chance and do not reliably capture how participants distinguish among referents. Second, we explain why current recommendations on how to interpret agreement scores rely on problematic assumptions. Third, we demonstrate that significance tests for comparing agreement rates, either within or between participants, yield large Type I error rates (> 40% for α = .05). As alternatives, we present agreement indices that are routinely used in inter-rater reliability studies. We discuss how to apply them to gesture elicitation studies. We also demonstrate how to use common resampling techniques to support statistical inference with interval estimates. We apply these methods to reanalyze and reinterpret the findings of four gesture elicitation studies.

Keywords: Gesture elicitation; HCI theory; Gestural input; User centered design; Human-centered computing → Interaction design process and methods; CCS Concepts: • Human-centered computing → Interaction design process and methods; concepts and models; Additional Key Words and Phrases: Gesture elicitation; gestures; agreement rates; agreement indices; bias; chance agreement; kappa coefficients; confidence intervals; replication; statistics; content analysis

Domains: Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC]

Theophanis Tsandilas. Fallacies of Agreement: A Critical Review of Consensus Assessment Methods for Gesture Elicitation. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 2018, 25 (3), pp.1-49. ⟨10.1145/3182168⟩. ⟨hal-01788775v4⟩