Estimation of abdominal fat compartments by bioelectrical impedance: The validity of the ViScan measurement system in comparison with MRI.
Résumé
Background: Abdominal obesity, more specifically increased intra-abdominal adipose tissue is strongly associated with increased risk of metabolic disease. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been proposed as a potential method of determining individual abdominal fat compartments in the form of the commercially available ViScanTM measurement system (Tanita Corporation, Japan) but has yet to be independently validated. Objective: To investigate the validity of the ViScan to assess adult abdominal adiposity, across a range of body fatness. Subjects/Methods: Cross sectional study. 74 participants (40 female, 34 male; BMI: 18.5 and 39.6 kg/m2). Total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) and intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) were measured by MRI. In addition, intra-hepatocellular lipid (IHCL) was obtained by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Estimates of abdominal adiposity (total and compartmental) were obtained from BIA and anthropometry. Results: ViScan derived percentage trunk fat strongly and significantly related to TAAT and SAAT in both lean and overweight/obese individuals, and categorise individuals reliably in terms of total abdominal fat. ViScan derived "visceral" fat correlated significantly with IAAT but the strength of this relationship was much weaker in overweight/obese individuals, particularly those with higher SAAT, leading to less reliable classification of individuals for IAAT. Conclusion: The ViScan may serve as a useful tool for predicting total abdominal fat, but prediction of visceral fat (IAAT) may be limited, especially in the abdominally obese
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