An introduction to the SCOUT-AMMA stratospheric aircraft, balloons and sondes campaign in West Africa, August 2006: rationale and roadmap
F. Cairo
(1)
,
Jean-Pierre Pommereau
(2)
,
Kathy S. Law
(3)
,
H. Schlager
(4)
,
Anne Garnier
(5)
,
F. Fierli
(1)
,
M. Ern
(6)
,
M. Streibel
(7)
,
S. Arabas
(8)
,
S. Borrmann
(9, 10)
,
Jean-Jacques Berthelier
(2)
,
C. Blom
(11)
,
T. Christensen
(12)
,
F. d'Amato
(13)
,
G. Di Donfrancesco
(14)
,
T. Deshler
(15)
,
A. Diedhiou
(16)
,
G. Durry
(17)
,
O. Engelsen
(18)
,
Florence Goutail
(2)
,
N. R. P. Harris
(7)
,
E. R. T. Kerstel
(19)
,
Sergey Khaykin
(20)
,
P. Konopka
(6)
,
A. Kylling
(18)
,
N. Larsen
(12)
,
Thierry Lebel
(16)
,
X. Liu
,
A. R. Mackenzie
(21)
,
J. Nielsen
(12)
,
A. Oulanowski
(20)
,
D. J. Parker
(22)
,
Jacques Pelon
(23)
,
J. Polcher
(24)
,
J. A. Pyle
(25, 26)
,
F. Ravegnani
(1)
,
Emmanuel D. Rivière
(17)
,
A. D. Robinson
(25)
,
T. Röckmann
(27)
,
C. Schiller
(6)
,
Fernando Simões
(5, 28)
,
L. Stefanutti
(29)
,
F. Stroh
(6)
,
L. Some
(30)
,
P. Siegmund
(31)
,
N. Sitnikov
(20)
,
Jean-Paul Vernier
(2)
,
C. M. Volk
(32)
,
C. Voigt
(4, 10)
,
M. von Hobe
(6)
,
S. Viciani
(13)
,
V. Yushkov
(20)
1
ISAC -
CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
2 STRATO - LATMOS
3 TROPO - LATMOS
4 IPA - DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre = DLR Institute of Atmospheric Physics
5 LATMOS - Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales
6 ICG-1 - Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre - Stratosphäre
7 EORCU - European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit [Cambridge]
8 Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw
9 MPIC - Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie
10 JGU - Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University
11 IMK - Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research
12 DMI - Danish Meteorological Institute
13 INO - Istituto Nazionale di Ottica
14 ENEA - Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati]
15 Department of Atmospheric Science [Laramie]
16 LTHE - Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement
17 GSMA - Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique
18 NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research
19 CIO - Centre for Isotope Research [Groningen]
20 CAO - Central Aerological Observatory
21 Lancaster Environment Centre
22 SEE - School of Earth and Environment [Leeds]
23 SPACE - LATMOS
24 LMD - Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539)
25 Centre for Atmospheric Science [Cambridge, UK]
26 NCAS-Climate [Cambridge]
27 IMAU - Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht]
28 IPSL - Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace
29 Istituto di Ricerche per la Protezione Idrogeologica
30 INERA - Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles [Ouagadougou]
31 KNMI - Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
32 University of Wuppertal
2 STRATO - LATMOS
3 TROPO - LATMOS
4 IPA - DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre = DLR Institute of Atmospheric Physics
5 LATMOS - Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales
6 ICG-1 - Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre - Stratosphäre
7 EORCU - European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit [Cambridge]
8 Institute of Geophysics, University of Warsaw
9 MPIC - Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie
10 JGU - Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University
11 IMK - Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research
12 DMI - Danish Meteorological Institute
13 INO - Istituto Nazionale di Ottica
14 ENEA - Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati]
15 Department of Atmospheric Science [Laramie]
16 LTHE - Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement
17 GSMA - Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique
18 NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research
19 CIO - Centre for Isotope Research [Groningen]
20 CAO - Central Aerological Observatory
21 Lancaster Environment Centre
22 SEE - School of Earth and Environment [Leeds]
23 SPACE - LATMOS
24 LMD - Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539)
25 Centre for Atmospheric Science [Cambridge, UK]
26 NCAS-Climate [Cambridge]
27 IMAU - Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht]
28 IPSL - Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace
29 Istituto di Ricerche per la Protezione Idrogeologica
30 INERA - Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles [Ouagadougou]
31 KNMI - Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
32 University of Wuppertal
Jean-Pierre Pommereau
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 756460
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8285-9526
- IdRef : 068864035
Kathy S. Law
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 740774
- IdHAL : kslaw
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4479-903X
- IdRef : 130855154
E. R. T. Kerstel
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 182143
- IdHAL : erik-kerstel
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5325-7860
- IdRef : 169464636
Sergey Khaykin
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 765624
- IdHAL : sehamic
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5466-1096
Thierry Lebel
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 757510
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1297-6751
- IdRef : 034253823
X. Liu
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 755303
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5394-6890
Jacques Pelon
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 177159
- IdHAL : jacques-pelon
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2348-2383
- IdRef : 070466890
J. A. Pyle
- Fonction : Auteur
Emmanuel D. Rivière
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 174164
- IdHAL : emmanuel-riviere
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8935-6614
- IdRef : 034712674
Résumé
A multi-platform field measurement campaign involving aircraft and balloons took place over West Africa between 26 July and 25 August 2006, in the frame of the concomitant AMMA Special Observing Period and SCOUT-O3 African tropical activities. Specifically aiming at sampling the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, the high-altitude research aircraft M55 Geophysica was deployed in Ouagadougou (12.3° N, 1.7° W), Burkina Faso, in conjunction with the German D-20 Falcon, while a series of stratospheric balloons and sonde flights were conducted from Niamey (13.5° N, 2.0° E), Niger. Altogether, these measurements were intended to provide experimental evidence for a better understanding of large scale transport, assessing the effect of lightning on NOx production, and studying the impact of intense mesoscale convective systems on water, aerosol, dust and chemical species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The M55 Geophysica carried out five local and four transfer flights between southern Europe and the Sahel and back, while eight stratospheric balloons and twenty-nine sondes were flown from Niamey. These experiments allowed a characterization of the tropopause and lower stratosphere of the region. The paper provides an overview of SCOUT-AMMA campaign activities together with a description of the meteorology of the African monsoon and the situation prevailing during the flights and a brief summary of the observations accomplished.
Origine : Fichiers éditeurs autorisés sur une archive ouverte