Smart Charging, Vehicle-to-Grid, and Reactive Power Support from Electric Vehicles in Distribution Grids: A Performance Comparison

Biswarup Mukherjee (1, 2, 3, 4) , Georges Kariniotakis (1, 2, 3) , Fabrizio Sossan (1, 2, 3)

1 PERSEE - Centre Procédés, Énergies Renouvelables, Systèmes Énergétiques
2 Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
3 PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
4 ARMINES

This paper compares different charging strategies for electric vehicles (EVs) and mechanisms to support local distribution grids. First, a general scheduling problem for EVs based on convex optimization and linearized power grid models is presented. Then, it is shown how it can be adapted to model different charging strategies. These include: i) uncoordinated charging, where EVs maximize a local utility function regardless of grid constraints; ii) smart charging, where a charge schedule of all EVs is determined by maximizing their utility function subject to grid constraints; iii) vehicle-to-grid, where bidirectional power from the EVs is allowed; and iv) reactive power support, where 2-and 4-quadrant EV chargers can provide reactive power. The performance of these strategies are investigated considering the CIGRE benchmark system for medium-voltage distribution grids. It shows that, in the proposed scenario, smart charging with reactive power support is conducive to the shortest global recharging time.

Mots clés: Electric vehicles; Distribution grids; Uncoordinated charging; Smart charging; Vehicle-to-grid; Optimal scheduling

Domaines: Energie électrique; Optimisation et contrôle [math.OC]

Biswarup Mukherjee, Georges Kariniotakis, Fabrizio Sossan. Smart Charging, Vehicle-to-Grid, and Reactive Power Support from Electric Vehicles in Distribution Grids: A Performance Comparison. 2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe), IEEE, Oct 2021, Espoo, Finland. ⟨hal-03341731⟩