Energy Management Based on Frequency Approach for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications: Fuel-Cell/Lithium-Battery and Ultracapacitors
Résumé
This paper presents the ultracapacitors ( U ) and fuel-cell/lithium-battery connection with an original energy management method for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. The proposed method is focused on the frequency approach to meet the load energy requirement. The ultracapacitors are connected to the dc link through a buck-boost converter, and the fuel cell is connected to the dc link via a boost converter for the first topology. In the second topology, the lithium battery is connected to the dc link without a converter to avoid the dc-link voltage control. An asynchronous machine is used like the traction motor; it is related to the dc link through a dc/ac converter (inverter). The main contribution of this paper is focused on HEV energy management according to the dynamics (frequency) of the hybrid sources using polynomial correctors. The performances of the proposed method are evaluated through some simulations and the experimental tests, using the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). This study is extended to an aggressive test cycle, such as the U.S. driving cycle (USDC), to understand the system response and the control performances.
Mots clés
Fuel cells
Supercapacitors
Mathematical model
Rotors
Stators
Voltage control
Analytical models
asynchronous machines
DC-AC power convertors
energy management systems
fuel cell vehicles
fuel cells
hybrid electric vehicles
polynomials
secondary cells
supercapacitors
traction motors
energy management system
frequency approach
hybrid electric vehicle
ultracapacitor
fuel cell
lithium battery
load energy requirement
buck-boost converter
dc link
boost converter
topology
asynchronous machine
traction motor
DC-AC converter
HEV
polynomial corrector
new European driving cycle
NEDC
