Effect of weld travel speed on solidification cracking behavior. Part 1: weld metal characteristics
Résumé
Solidification cracking is a weld defect common to certain susceptible alloys rendering many of them unweldable. It forms and
grows continuously behind a moving weld pool within the two-phase mushy zone and involves a complex interaction between
thermal, metallurgical, and mechanical factors. Research has demonstrated the ability to minimize solidification cracking occurrence
by using appropriate welding parameters. Despite decade’s long efforts to investigate weld solidification cracking, there
remains a lack of understanding regarding the particular effect of travel speed. While the use of the fastest welding speed is
usually recommended, this rule has not always been confirmed on site. Varying welding speed has many consequences both on
stress cells surrounding the weld pool, grain structure, and mushy zone extent. Experimental data and models are compiled to
highlight the importance of welding speed on solidification cracking. This review is partitioned into three parts: part I focuses on
the effects of welding speed on weld metal characteristics, part II reviews the data of the literature to discuss the importance of
selecting properly the metrics, and part III details the different methods to model the effect of welding speed on solidification
cracking occurrence
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