A propos d'une version faible du probl\`eme inverse de Galois
Résumé
This paper deals with the Weak Inverse Galois Problem which, for a given field $k$, states that, for every finite group $G$, there exists a finite separable extension $L/k$ such that ${\rm{Aut}}(L/k)=G$. One of its goals is to explain how one can generically produce families of fields which fulfill this problem, but which do not fulfill the usual Inverse Galois Problem. We show that this holds for, e.g., the fields $\mathbb{Q}^{{{\rm{sol}}}}$, $\mathbb{Q}^{{{\rm{tr}}}}$, $\mathbb{Q}^{{{\rm{pyth}}}}$, and for the maximal pro-$p$-extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$. Moreover, we show that, for every finite non-trivial group $G$, there exists many fields fulfilling the Weak Inverse Galois Problem, but over which $G$ does not occur as a Galois group. As a further application, we show that every field fulfills the regular version of the Weak Inverse Galois Problem.