Remediation by chemical reduction in laboratory mesocosms of three chlordecone-contaminated tropical soils
Résumé
Chlordecone (CLD), a highly persistent organochlorine pesticide commonly encountered in French West Indies (FWI) agricultural soils, represents a major source of contamination of FWI ecosystems. The potential of chemical reduction for remediation of CLD-contaminated soil has been investigated in laboratory pilot-scale 80 kg mesocosms for andosol, ferralsol, and nitisol from FWI banana plantations. Six cycles consisting of a 3-week reducing phase followed by a 1-week oxidizing phase were applied, with 2 % (dw/dw) DaramendA (R) (organic plant matter fortified with zero valent iron) added at the start of each cycle. Complementary amendments of zero valent iron and zinc (total of 3 % dw/dw) were added at the start of the first three cycles. After the 6-month treatment, the CLD soil concentration was lowered by 74 % in nitisol, 71 % in ferralsol, and 22 % in andosol. Eleven CLD-dechlorinated transformation products, from mono- to penta-dechlorinated, were identified. None of them accumulated over the duration of the experiment. Six of the seven ecotoxicological tests applied showed no difference between the control and treated soils. The treatment applied in this study may offer a means to remediate CLD-contaminated soils, especially nitisol and ferralsol.