D. H. Alpers, S. M. Sabesin, and H. M. White, Fatty liver: biochemical and clinical aspects, Diseases of the Liver. Lippincott Company, pp.825-855, 1993.

E. Baraona and C. S. Lieber, Alcohol and Lipids, Recent Dev. Alcohol, vol.14, pp.97-134, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/0-306-47148-5_5

G. Benard, P. Benard, D. Prehn, T. Bengone, J. Y. Jouglar et al., Demonstration de la reversibilite de lá´´lá lá´ lá´´ steatose hepatique obtenue par gavage de canards Mulards, 1998.

G. Benard and C. Labie, Evolution histologique du foiéfoié des Palmipedes au cours du gavage. 3emes Journees de là`´là là` là`´ recherche sur les Palmipedes a Foie gras, pp.31-35, 1998.

M. J. Chapman, S. Goldstein, D. Lagrange, and P. M. Laplaud, A density gradient ultracentrifugal procedure for the isolation of the major lipoprotein classes from human serum, J. Lipid Res, vol.22, pp.339-358, 1981.

T. Constans, B. Chevalier, M. Derouet, and J. Simon, Insulin sensitivity and liver insulin receptor structure in ducks from two genera, American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, vol.261, issue.4, pp.882-890, 1991.
DOI : 10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.4.R882

S. Davail, G. Guy, J. M. Andre, D. Hermier, and R. Hoo-paris, Metabolism in two breeds of geese with moderate or large overfeeding induced liver-steatosis, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, vol.126, issue.1, pp.91-99, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00190-2

R. Hoo-paris, Hormonal and metabolic responses to overfeeding in three genotypes of ducks, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, vol.134, pp.707-715, 2003.

C. P. Day and O. F. James, Hepatic steatosis: Innocent bystander or guilty party?, Hepatology, vol.24, issue.6, pp.1463-1466, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90089-Z
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.510270601/pdf

J. Folch, M. Lee, and G. M. Sloane-stanley, A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues, J. Biol. Chem, vol.226, pp.497-509, 1957.

P. Fossati and L. Prencipe, Serum triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxyde, Clin. Chem, vol.28, pp.2077-2080, 1982.

E. Fournier, R. Peresson, G. Guy, and D. Hermier, Relationships between storage and secretion of hepatic lipids in two breeds of geese with different susceptibility to liver steatosis, Poultry Science, vol.76, issue.4, pp.599-607, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/ps/76.4.599

J. F. Gabarrou, M. R. Salichon, G. Guy, and J. C. Blum, Hybrid ducks overfed with boiled corn develop an acute hepatic steatosis with decreased choline and polyunsaturated fatty acid level in phospholipids, Reproduction Nutrition Development, vol.36, issue.5, pp.473-484, 1996.
DOI : 10.1051/rnd:19960503
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00899917

G. Guy, D. Hermier, S. Davail, M. Bely, J. M. Andre et al., Meat production and force-feeding ability of different types of ducks. 1st World Waterfowl Symposium, pp.462-468, 1999.

R. J. Henderson and J. Sargent, Lipid biosynthesis in rainbow trout, Salmo Gairdnerii, fed diets of differing lipid content, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology, vol.69, issue.1, pp.31-37, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0306-4492(81)90098-8

D. Hermier, Lipoprotein metabolism and fattening in poultry, J. Nutr, vol.127, pp.805-808, 1997.

D. Hermier, J. Chapman, and B. Leclercq, Plasma Lipoprotein Profile in Fasted and Refed Chickens of Two Strains Selected for High or Low Adiposity, The Journal of Nutrition, vol.114, issue.6, pp.1112-1121, 1984.
DOI : 10.1093/jn/114.6.1112

D. Hermier, P. Forgez, and M. J. Chapman, A density gradient study of the lipoprotein and apolipoprotein distribution in the chicken, Gallus domesticus, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, vol.836, issue.1, pp.105-118, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0005-2760(85)90226-7

D. Hermier, P. Forgez, P. M. Laplaud, and M. J. Chapman, Density distribution and physicochemical properties of plasma lipoproteins in the goose, Anser anser, a potential model of liver steatosis, J. Lipid Res, vol.29, pp.893-907, 1988.

D. Hermier, D. Rousselot-pailley, R. Peresson, and N. Sellier, Influence of orotic acid and estrogen on hepatic lipid storage and secretion in the goose susceptible to liver steatosis, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, vol.1211, issue.1, pp.97-106, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0005-2760(94)90143-0

D. Hermier, A. Saadoun, M. R. Salichon, N. Sellier, and D. Rousselot-pailley, Plasma lipoproteins and liver lipids in two breeds of geese with different susceptibility to hepatic steatosis: Changes induced by development and force-feeding, Lipids, vol.13, issue.5, pp.331-339, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-408-01036-8.50020-8

D. Hermier, M. R. Salichon, G. Guy, and R. Peresson, Differential channelling of liver lipids in relation to susceptibility to hepatic steatosis in the goose, Poultry Science, vol.78, issue.10, pp.1398-1406, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/ps/78.10.1398

D. Hermier, M. R. Salichon, and C. C. Whitehead, Relationships between plasma lipoproteins and glucose in fasted chickens selected for leanness or fatness by three criteria, Reproduction Nutrition D??veloppement, vol.31, issue.4, pp.419-429, 1991.
DOI : 10.1051/rnd:19910408
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00899461

´. L155y20, A. H. Kadish, R. L. Little, and J. C. Sternberg, Dosage de l'humidite A new rapid method for the determination of glucose by measurement or rate of oxygen consumption, L279y8. ´ JOCE (Journal Officiel des Communautes Europeennes), pp.116-131, 1968.

M. Kouba, D. Hermier, and M. A. Bernard-griffiths, Comparative study of hepatic VLDL secretion in vivo in the growing turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and chicken (Gallus domesticus), Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol.110, issue.1, pp.47-55, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0305-0491(94)00147-M

B. Leclercq and J. C. Blum, ??TUDE DE LA SURALIMENTATION FORC??E : EFFETS SUR LE M??TABOLISME H??PATIQUE ET LES FORMES DE TRANSPORT H??PATIQUES CHEZ LE CANARD, Annales de Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique, vol.15, issue.3, pp.559-568, 1975.
DOI : 10.1051/rnd:19750309

O. H. Lowry, N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randall, Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem, vol.193, pp.265-275, 1951.

A. R. Mensenkamp, L. M. Havekes, J. A. Romijn, and F. Kuipers, Hepatic steatosis and very low density lipoprotein secretion: the involvement of apolipoprotein E, Journal of Hepatology, vol.35, issue.6, pp.816-822, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-8278(01)00249-5

J. Mourot, G. Guy, S. Lagarrigue, P. Peiniau, and D. Hermier, Role of hepatic lipogenesis in the susceptibility to fatty liver in the goose (Anser anser), Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol.126, issue.1, pp.81-87, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0305-0491(00)00171-1

A. Mossab, S. Guillaumin, M. Lessire, F. Milliat, and D. Hermier, Plasma lipoprotein distribution in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol.130, issue.2, pp.227-235, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1096-4959(01)00426-2

J. Pearce, Some differences between avian and mammaeian biochemistry, International Journal of Biochemistry, vol.8, issue.4, pp.269-279, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/0020-711X(77)90132-X

D. Pessayre, A. Mansouri, and B. Fromenty, Non-alcoholic steatosis and hepatosteatosis V. Mitochondrial dysfunction in steatohepatitis, Am. J. Physiol, vol.282, pp.193-199, 2002.

B. Pilo and J. C. George, Diurnal and seasonal variation in liver glycogen and fat in relation to metabolic status of liver and M. pectoralis in the migratory starling, Sturnus roseus, wintering in India, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, vol.74, issue.3, pp.601-604, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0300-9629(83)90554-6

I. M. Reids and C. J. Roberts, Subclinical fatty liver in dairy cows, Irish Vet. J, vol.37, pp.104-110, 1983.

´. Sabesin and S. M. , Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in alcoholic liver disease, Circulation, vol.64, pp.72-84, 1981.

W. Richmond, Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxydase from Nocardia sp. and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum, Clin. Chem, vol.19, pp.93-98, 1973.

A. Saadoun and B. Leclercq, In Vivo Lipogenesis of Genetically Lean and Fat Chickens: Effects of Nutritional State and Dietary Fat, The Journal of Nutrition, vol.117, issue.3, pp.428-435, 1987.
DOI : 10.1093/jn/117.3.428

M. R. Salichon, G. Guy, D. Rousselot, and J. C. Blum, Composition des 3 types de foie gras : oie, canard mulard et canard de Barbarie, Annales de Zootechnie, vol.43, issue.2, pp.213-220, 1994.
DOI : 10.1051/animres:19940210
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00888972

M. Takayama, S. Itoh, T. Nagasaki, and I. Tanimizu, A new enzymatic method for determination of serum cholinecontaining phospholipids, Clin. Chim. Acta, vol.79, pp.1350-1355, 1977.

H. Verdouw, C. J. Van-echteld, and E. M. Dekkers, Ammonia determination based on indophenol formation with sodium salicylate, Water Research, vol.12, issue.6, pp.399-402, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/0043-1354(78)90107-0

M. Yasuhara, T. Ohama, N. Matsuki, H. Saito, J. Shiga et al., Induction of fatty liver by fasting in suncus, J. Lipid Res, vol.32, pp.887-891, 1991.

V. A. Zammit, Role of insulin in hepatic fatty acid partitioning: emerging concepts, Biochemical Journal, vol.314, issue.1, pp.1-14, 1996.
DOI : 10.1042/bj3140001