Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 shedding pattern in semen correlates with the compartmentalization of viral Quasi species between blood and semen
Résumé
High levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 have been detected in semen at all stages of disease. However, it is not clear whether HIV-1 is shed in semen continuously or intermittently. In a prospective longitudinal study, viral RNA was measured weekly for 10 weeks in semen and blood of HIV-seropositive subjects. Results showed three different patterns of HIV-1 shedding in semen: none (28%), continuous (28%), and intermittent (44%). In contrast, there was no change in blood plasma virus load during the study period. Phylogenetic analysis of the envelope sequences of HIV-1 RNA in semen and blood revealed distinct virus populations in semen and blood of intermittent shedders but similar virus populations in the semen and blood of continuous shedder. These results indicate for the first time that HIV-1 is shed primarily in an intermittent manner and that shedding patterns of HIV-1 in semen are related to compartmentalization of HIV-1 between semen and blood.
Mots clés
Cell Compartmentation
Chemokines
CC/metabolism
Cohort Studies
HIV Infections/blood
HIV-1/classification/genetics/*physiology
Humans
Immunophenotyping
Leukocytes
Mononuclear/metabolism/virology
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Multicenter Studies as Topic
Phylogeny
Prospective Studies
RNA
Viral/analysis/blood
Semen/*virology
Sequence Analysis
Viral Load
Virus Shedding/*physiology
semen
hematology