Diversity, specificity and impacts on field epidemics of QTLs involved in components of quantitative resistance in the wheat leaf rust pathosystem
Résumé
Quantitative resistance is generally associated with several genes, located in quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Although often described as non-isolate-specific and durable, some cases of erosion of this resistance have been observed. The likelihood of an erosion of quantitative resistance could be reduced, provided that this resistance rests on diversified mechanisms. We hypothesized that QTLs phenotypically expressed on different components, govern different mechanisms of resistance. A doubled haploid population of 91 lines, derived from a cross between the wheat cultivars Apache and Balance, was used to identify leaf rust resistance QTLs. After establishing a linkage map with 355 markers, 13 QTLs were found involved in field resistance, for over 2 years in two locations. Ten of these QTLs were associated with five resistance components (infection efficiency, latent period, lesion size, spore production per lesion and spore production per unit of sporulating tissue) measured in two greenhouse experiments. All but one of the QTLs found in the greenhouse were associated with one or two resistance components, supporting the hypothesis that different genetic factors are mostly involved in the expression of different resistance components. Analyzing separately different field scoring dates revealed QTLs involved at different stages of the epidemic. The QTLs displayed different degrees of isolate-specificity on field resistance, as measured by LOD scores and R-2, leading to the conclusion that isolate-specificity is both a qualitative and quantitative feature of quantitative resistance. A profile of each QTL was drawn, to evaluate its usefulness according to the objectives of the breeding program.