Adaptations des systèmes bovin laitier pour réduire la contrainte travail : une étude en Ségala (France)
Résumé
In France, questions related to work are now crucial to the future of the dairy farming sector. Labour issues have put a brake on the setting-up and maintenance of dairy farms. The workgroups managing the farms are evolving, livestock farmers are expressing new relationships with their work and adaptations are being implemented by farmers to respond to work constraints. This study aims at shedding light on the links between these evolutions in workgroups and adaptations of dairy farms. It is based on 30 surveys carried out with dairy farmers in the Segala, a region in the south of the Massif Central, where many small and medium-sized family dairy farms are still to be found. We identify four organisational profiles of dairy systems as particular associations between work solutions (adaptation of the workforce, the technical management or the equipment), structural and functional characteristics of the farms. These organisational profiles are not independent of the workgroups running the farms (couple, family association, non-family association, individual farmer). In the non-family associations, adaptations concerning mechanisation are the most usual, sometimes associated with the choice of a complete diet to improve herd productivity as well as work productivity. Playing on different registers to modify their work, farmers as individuals or working as a couple more often turn to simplifications affecting milking and grazing, jointly counting on recourse to non-family manpower. This study underlines how important it is to take the nature of the workgroup running the farms explicitly into account in the formulation of “work” advice
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