Genome sequence, comparative analysis and population genetics of the domestic horse

C.M. Wade (1, 2, 3) , E. Giulotto (4) , S. Sigurdsson (1, 5) , M. Zoli (6) , S. Gnerre (1) , F. Imsland (5) , T.L. Lear (7) , D.L. Adelson (8) , E. Bailey (7) , R.R. Bellone (9) , H. Blöcker (10) , O. Distl (11) , R.C. Edgar (12) , M. Garber (1) , T. Leeb (11, 13) , E. Mauceli (1) , J.N. Macleod (7) , M.C.T. Penedo (14) , J.M. Raison (8) , T. Sharpe (1) , J. Vogel (15) , L. Andersson (5) , D.F. Antczak (16) , T. Biagi (1) , M.M. Binns (17) , B.P. Chowdary (8) , S.J. Coleman (7) , G. Della Valle (6) , S. Fryc (1) , Gerard Guérin (18) , T. Hasegawa (19) , E.W. Hill (20) , J. Jurka (21) , A. Kiialainen (22) , G. Lindgren (23) , J. Liu (24) , E. Magnani (4) , J.R. Mickelson (25) , J. Murray (26) , S.G. Nergadze (4) , R. Onofrio (1) , S. Pedroni (14) , M.F. Piras (4) , T. Raudsepp (8) , M. Rocchi (27) , K.H. Roed (9) , O.A. Ryder (28) , S. Searle (15) , L. Skow (29) , J.E. Swinburne (30) , A.C. Syvanen (22) , T. Tozaki (31) , S.J. Valberg (32) , M. Vaudin (30) , J.R. White (1) , M.C. Zody (1, 5) , (1) , E.S. Lander (1, 33) , K. Lindblad-Toh (1, 5)

1 Broad Institute [Cambridge]
2 Center for Human Genetic Research
3 Faculty of Veterinary Sciences
4 Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia
5 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology
6 Dipartimento di Biologia
7 Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science
8 University of Adelaide
9 University of Tampa
10 HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research
11 Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics
12 45 Monterey Drive
13 Institute of Genetics
14 Veterinary Genetics Laboratory
15 The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge]
16 Cornell University [New York]
17 Royal Veterinary College
18 GABI - Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative
19 Equine Research Institute
20 Animal Genomics Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine
21 Genetic Information Research Institute
22 Department of Medical Sciences
23 Department of Animal Bredding and Genetics
24 Department of Computer Science
25 College of Veterinary Medecine
26 Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine
27 Department of Genetics and Microbiology
28 San Diego Zoo's Institute for Conservation Research
29 College of Veterinary Medicine
30 AHT - Animal Health Trust
31 Department of Molecular Genetics
32 College of Veterinary Medicine
33 Department of Biology

We report a high-quality draft sequence of the genome of the horse (Equus caballus). The genome is relatively repetitive but has little segmental duplication. Chromosomes appear to have undergone few historical rearrangements: 53% of equine chromosomes show conserved synteny to a single human chromosome. Equine chromosome 11 is shown to have an evolutionary new centromere devoid of centromeric satellite DNA, suggesting that centromeric function may arise before satellite repeat accumulation. Linkage disequilibrium, showing the influences of early domestication of large herds of female horses, is intermediate in length between dog and human, and there is long-range haplotype sharing among breeds.

Mots clés: horse; sequencing; complete genome; evolution

Domaines: Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]

C.M. Wade, E. Giulotto, S. Sigurdsson, M. Zoli, S. Gnerre, et al.. Genome sequence, comparative analysis and population genetics of the domestic horse. Science, 2009, 326 (5954), pp.865-867. ⟨10.1126/science.1178158⟩. ⟨hal-01193388⟩