Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

Benoît Muylkens , Julien Thiry , Philippe Kirten , Frédéric Schynts , Etienne Thiry

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), classified as an alphaherpesvirus, is a major pathogen of cattle. Primary infection is accompanied by various clinical manifestations such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, abortion, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, and systemic infection in neonates. When animals survive, a life-long latent infection is established in nervous sensory ganglia. Several reactivation stimuli can lead to viral re-excretion, which is responsible for the maintenance of BoHV-1 within a cattle herd. This paper focuses on an updated pathogenesis based on a molecular characterization of BoHV-1 and the description of the virus cycle. Special emphasis is accorded to the impact of the latency and reactivation cycle on the epidemiology and the control of BoHV-1. Several European countries have initiated BoHV-1 eradication schemes because of the significant losses incurred by disease and trading restrictions. The vaccines used against BoHV-1 are described in this context where the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals is of critical importance to achieve BoHV-1 eradication.

Mots clés: alphaherpesvirus; bovine; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis; latency; marker vaccine

Domaines: Biologie moléculaire; Génétique animale; Biologie cellulaire; Interactions cellulaires [q-bio.CB]; Microbiologie et Parasitologie; Immunologie; Neurosciences [q-bio.NC]; Santé publique et épidémiologie; Biologie animale

Benoît Muylkens, Julien Thiry, Philippe Kirten, Frédéric Schynts, Etienne Thiry. Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Veterinary Research, 2007, 38 (2), pp.181-209. ⟨10.1051/vetres:2006059⟩. ⟨hal-00902862⟩