Risk assessment of Belgian adults for furan contamination through the food chain
Résumé
Risk assessment is an interdisciplinary process used to quantify the risk linked to a hazard. In the present paper, it is applied to quantify the risk linked to furan ingestion through the food chain for the Belgian adult population. Two approaches, deterministic and probabilistic, are carried out in parallel. The deterministic method relies on a case-study, whereas the probabilistic approach involves statistical distributions of contamination and consumption data to calculate a statistical distribution of the daily intake. First, the deterministic method revealed a low Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) for the average population (380 ng * (kgb.w.*day)-1) and a huge contribution of coffee consumption to the EDI (55%). Increasing or decreasing by one cup the daily coffee consumption can affect the EDI by about 22%. Afterwards, the probabilistic approach showed that the average population has a low EDI (494 ng * (kgb.w.*day)-1), and that high contamination levels were only registered in a small proportion of the population. Finally, a comparison to the RfDchronic-oral showed that less than 10% of the Belgian population presents an EDI above the reference dose proposed by the US-EPA; the majority of the population presents an EDI 20% below the reference dose. The Margin of Exposure (MoE) approach revealed that the level of risk related to furan intake through ingestion is low, with a MoE above 10,000 for more than 10 % of the population and no result below 100.
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