FTO genotype and adiposity in children: physical activity levels influence the effect of the risk genotype in adolescent males
Résumé
Studies of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene provide compelling evidence of genetic variation in the general population that influences fat levels and obesity risk. Studies of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors such as physical activity will promote understanding of how lifestyle can modulate genetic contributions to obesity. In the current study, we investigated the effect of FTO genotype, and interactions with physical activity or energy intake, in young children and adolescents. 1-5 year old children from the GENESIS study (N =1980) and 11-18 year old Greek adolescents (N = 949) were measured for adiposity-related phenotypes and genotyped at the FTO SNP marker, rs17817449. Adolescents were classified as physically active or inactive based on self-reported levels of physical activity (PA). In adolescents, FTO genotype influenced weight (P = 0.001), and BMI (P = 0.007). There was also a significant SNP*PA*gender interaction (P = 0.028) on BMI, which reflected the association between FTO genotype and BMI in males (P = 0.016) but not females (P = 0.15) and significant SNP*PA interaction in males (P = 0.007) but not females (P = 0.74). The FTO genotype effect was more pronounced in inactive males than active. Inactive males homozygous for the G allele had a mean BMI of 3 kg/m2 higher than T-carriers (P = 0.008). In the GENESIS study, no significant association between FTO genotype and adiposity was found. The present findings highlight physical activity as a key factor modifying the effect of FTO genotype.
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