The steady state mechanism of cytochrome c oxidase: redox interactions between metal centres
Résumé
The steady state behaviour of isolated mammalian cytochrome c oxidase was examined by increasing the rate of reduction of cytochrome c. Under these conditions the enzyme's 605 (haem a), 655 (haem a3/CuB) and 830 nm (CuA) spectral features behaved as if they were at near equilibrium with cytochrome c (550 nm). This has implications for non-invasive tissue measurements using visible (550, 605, 655 nm) and near infrared (830 nm) light. The oxidised species represented by the 655 nm band is bleached by the presence of oxygen intermediates (P and F) or by reduction of haem a3 or CuB. However, at these ambient oxygen levels (far above the enzyme Km), the populations of reduced haem a3 and the oxygen intermediates were very low (<10%). We therefore interpret 655 nm changes as reduction of the otherwise spectrally invisible CuB centre. We present a model where small anti-cooperative redox interactions occur between haem a-CuA-CuB (steady state potential ranges: CuA 212-258 mV; haem a: 254-281 mV; CuB 227- 272 mV). Contrary to static equilibrium measurements, in the catalytic steady state there are no high potential redox centres (> 300 mV). We find that the overall reaction is correctly described by the classical model in which the Michaelis intermediate is a ferrocytochrome c – enzyme complex. However, the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c in this complex is not the sole rate-determining step. Turnover is instead dependent upon electron transfer from haem a to haem a3, but the haem a potential closely matches cytochrome c at all times.
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