Effect of water stress on growth, water consumption and yield of silage maize under flood irrigation in semi-arid clilmate of Tadla (Morocco)

B. Bouazzama (1) , D. Xanthoulis (1) , A. Bouaziz (2) , P. Ruelle (3) , J.C. Mailhol (3)

1 Entomologie fonctionnelle et évolutive - Université de Liège
2 Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Hassan II
3 UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages

The field study of crops response to water stress is important to reduce agricultural water use in areas where the water resources are limited. This study was carried out during two growing periods of 2009 and 2010 in order to study the effect of water stress on crops growth, water consumption and dry matter yield of silage maize supplied with flood irrigation under the semiarid climate of Tadla in Morocco. Four to five irrigation treatments were applied at the rates of 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20% of ETc of maize. Soil water status, crop growth, leaf area index and above-ground biomass were measured. Results showed that growth dynamic of maize passes by three distinct phases: exponential phase, linear phase and a final phase. The irrigation deficit accelerates the senescence of the sheets and reduces the leaf area index. The maximum values of this parameter reached at flowering under the full irrigation treatment (100%ETc) are 5.1 and 4.8 in 2009 and 2010 respectively. Dry matter yields varied from 5.3 t/ha under T4 (40%ETc) to 16.4 t/ha under T1 (100% ETc) in 2009 whereas in 2010, it oscillated between 3.9 t/ha under T5 (20%ETc) to 12.5 t/ha under T1 (100%ETc). The actual evapotranspiration under T1 (100%ETc) was 478 mm and 463 mm in 2009 and 2010 respectively. According to the averaged values of two years, linear relationships have been evaluated between dry matter yield and water consumption ETa. Yield response factor (ky) for the silage maize for all growth season was 1.12.

Mots clés: STRESS HYDRIQUE; MAIS; IRRIGATION PAR SUBMERSION; ZONE SEMI ARIDE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; DEFICIT EN EAU; TADLA; MAROC

Domaines: Sciences de l'environnement

B. Bouazzama, D. Xanthoulis, A. Bouaziz, P. Ruelle, J.C. Mailhol. Effect of water stress on growth, water consumption and yield of silage maize under flood irrigation in semi-arid clilmate of Tadla (Morocco). Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement / Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment, 2012, 16 (4), 10 p. ⟨hal-00766298⟩