Dietary intake estimate for perfluorooctanesulphonic acid (PFOS) and other perfluorocompounds (PFCs) in English retail foods following determination using standard addition LC-MS/MS
Résumé
The analysis of 252 food samples (UK-produced and imported) purchased from a variety of retail outlets in England was undertaken for the presence of PFOS, PFOA and nine other PFCs. A Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 1 μg/kg was achieved for all target analytes, in all samples. Standard addition was used for quantification of PFC levels. All eleven of the targeted PFCs were detected, in 75 of the individual foods. In 70% of the samples, including all meats other than offal, none of the analytes were present at above the LOD. The highest levels found were 59 μg/kg of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and 63 μg/kg total PFCs (ΣPFCs) in an eel sample, and 40 μg/kg PFOS (62 μg/kg ΣPFCs) in a whitebait sample. The highest level in an offal sample was 10 μg/kg, in a wild roe deer liver. There were 6 samples with ΣPFCs >15 μg/kg (fish, shellfish, crustaceans), a further 7 samples with ΣPFCs 11-15 μg/kg (including a liver), nine with ΣPFCs 6-10 μg/kg (fish and livers), 31 with ΣPFCs 2-5 μg/kg (including kidneys, popcorn and processed peas) and a further 22 with ΣPFCs close to the LOD of 1 μg/kg (including eggs and potatoes). These concentrations indicate that English consumers are being exposed to a low level of PFC contamination from food. The estimated upper bound dietary intake of 10 ng/kg bodyweight/day of PFOS for average adult consumers is well below the 0.15 µg (150 ng)/kg bw Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) set by the European Food Safety Authority. The lower bound adult dietary intake estimate of 1 ng/kg bodyweight/day is similar to estimates undertaken and reported in some other countries, such as Canada, Germany and Spain.
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